Analytical models are developed for the translation and rotation of metallic rods in a uniform electric field. The limits of thin and thick electric double layers are considered. These models include the effect of stripes of different metals along the length of the particle. Modeling results are compared to experimental measurements for metallic rods. Experiments demonstrate the increased align...

Effects of ionic concentration gradient on electroosmotic flow (EOF) mixing of one stream of a high concentration electrolyte solution with a stream of a low concentration electrolyte solution in a microchannel are investigated numerically. The concentration field, flow field and electric field are strongly coupled via concentration dependent zeta potential, dielectric constant and electric con...

We experimentally study the effects of a uniform electric field on the conformation of single DNA molecules. We demonstrate that a moderate electric field (~200 V/cm) strongly compresses isolated DNA polymer coils into isotropic globules. Insight into the nature of these compressed states is gained by following the expansion of the molecules back to equilibrium after halting the electric field....

The importance of loss in the field solution for left-handed media, and in particular, the impact on what would otherwise be a purely evanescent field, is addressed. Using an equivalent electric current source, field solutions are constructed in semi-infinite and finite thickness left-handed media. In the slab case, field growth and power dissipation metrics with uniform amplitude and uniform p...

The freezing of water can initiate at electrically conducting electrodes kept at a high electric potential or at charged electrically insulating surfaces. The microscopic mechanisms of these phenomena are unknown, but they must involve interactions between water molecules and electric fields. This paper investigates the effect of uniform electric fields on the homogeneous nucleation of ice in s...

Elasmobranchs can detect minute electromagnetic fields, <1 nV cm(-1), using their ampullae of Lorenzini. Behavioural responses to electric fields have been investigated in various species, sometimes with the aim to develop shark deterrents to improve human safety. The present study tested the effects of the Shark Shield Freedom7™ electric deterrent on (1) the behaviour of 18 white sharks (Carch...

The introduction of the manuscript reviews different mechanisms of generation of permanent electric fields by AC driven vortex lattices in type-II superconductors due to artificial symmetry breaking. The second part shows that superconducting Pb and Nb films (strips or crosses) with or without symmetric periodic pinning centers, subject to a magnetic field perpendicular to the film plane, also ...

Electric fields can stimulate excitable tissue by a number of mechanisms. A uniform long, straight peripheral axon is activated by the gradient of the electric field that is oriented parallel to the fiber axis. Cortical neurons in the brain are excited when the electric field, which is applied along the axon-dendrite axis, reaches a particular threshold value. Cardiac tissue is thought to be de...

An electrically neutral current-loop, with magnetic dipole m0, that is at rest in a static, uniform electric field E0 experiences no force or torque. However, if that system is observed in the lab frame where the loop has velocity v parallel to E0, and v c, where c is the speed of light, then there appears to be an electric dipole moment, p = v/c×m0 associated with the loop (in Gaussian units)....

A non-uniform AC electric field induces a motion in polarizable particles, called dielectrophoresis. The force responsible for this motion is governed by the dielectric properties both of the suspending medium and of the particles, as well as the geometry of the field. The dielectrophoretic properties of sub-micrometre latex spheres have been studied using micro-fabricated electrode structures....