OBJECTIVES Every country wants a good health care system for all citizens with minimum expenditure. By comparing health care systems in Canada and Japan, both of which have a universal health care system for all citizens in its own country, an attempt was made to visualize or search for an optimal health care system. METHOD Data and information obtained were tabulated and compared from the st...

Abstract: We study the impact of the introduction of one of the major pillars of the social insurance system in the United States: the introduction of Medicare in 1965. Our results suggest that, in its first 10 years, the establishment of universal health insurance for the elderly had no discernible impact on elderly mortality. However, we find a substantial reduction in the elderly’s exposure ...

Medicare is a popular program in Canada that offers universal access to medically-necessary healthcare services for all Canadians through a public insurance plan in each province. In spite of its popularity, healthcare privatization has been debated, often over concerns about wait times for healthcare services. A case report focused on the 2005 Supreme Court's response to the "Chaoulli v. Quebe...

This paper presents a universal framework for pricing financial and insurance risks. Examples are given for pricing contingent payoffs, where the underlying asset or liability can be either traded or not traded. The paper also outlines an application of the framework to prescribe capital allocations within insurance companies, and to determine fair value for insurance liabilities.

This paper presents a universal framework for pricing financial and insurance risks. Examples are given for pricing contingent payoffs, where the underlying asset or liability can be either traded or not traded. The paper also outlines an application of the framework to prescribe capital allocations within insurance companies, and to determine fair values of insurance liabilities. 1 SCOR Reinsu...

This paper examines the performance of Taiwan's National Health Insurance (NHI), a universal health insurance program, implemented in 1995, that covers comprehensive services. The authors address two key questions: Did the NHI cause Taiwanese health spending to escalate to an "unaffordable" level? What are the benefits of the NHI? They find that Taiwan's single-payer NHI system enabled Taiwan t...

In Health Care Reform Now!, George Halvorson, who is the chair and chief executive officer (CEO) of the Kaiser Foundation Health Plan and Kaiser Foundation Hospitals Inc in Oakland, California, and CEO of HealthPartners in Minneapolis, calls for 2 major reforms of the US health care system: universal health care coverage for all citizens, including 46 million Americans who do not have health in...

This paper presents a universal framework for pricing financial and insurance risks. Examples are given for pricing contingent payoffs, where the underlying asset or loss can be either traded or not traded. The paper also outlines an application of the framework to prescribe capital allocations within insurance companies, and to determine fair value for insurance liabilities.

We investigate a government financed voucher program that allows all Americans to buy health insurance in the private insurance market. We investigate whether health insurance vouchers are able to increase the number of people with health insurance and decrease aggregate health care spending that threatens the solvency of Medicare and Medicaid. We develop a multi-generation dynamic general equi...

We review the optimality of partial insurance contracts in the presence of moral hazard when consumers are affected by probability weighting. In valuing risky prospects individuals commonly overweight extreme outcomes at the expense of intermediate outcomes; these deviations systematically bias the ex-ante value of insurance. We characterize optimal contracts for the case of perfectly competiti...