HOW BIG A ROLE THE GOVERNMENT SHOULD play in the economy is always a central issue in political debates. But measuring the size of government is not simple. People often use shorthand measures, such as the ratio of spending to gross domestic product (GDP) or of tax revenues to GDP. But those measures leave out important aspects of government action. For example, they do not capture the ways gov...

Late referral of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and unforeseeable deterioration of residual renal function in known CKD patients remain a major problem leading to the need of unplanned start on chronic dialysis without a mature access for dialysis. In most centres worldwide, these patients are started on haemodialysis (HD) using a temporary tunnelled central venous catheter (CVC) fo...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the numbers and distribution of homeless people in London; to quantify the utilisation of acute inpatient services by homeless people in two health authorities; and to predict the total numbers of admissions in homeless people in district health authorities across London. DESIGN Data were collected from various sources on the distribution of homeless people across Londo...

Methods A survey was sent to a random sample of 1,400 patients obtained from the AAOL newsletter database of 4,500 patients. The 20 question survey assessed patient demographics, perceived value of treatment, medication use, health and utilization ratings, compliance, school/work attendance, hospitalizations and unplanned physician visits and health related measures such as energy, sleep, and e...

Background: This study explored the role of collective-affirmation in attracting mass cooperation to motivate people to observe preventive measures during COVID-19. Method: Using a qualitative research design, a heterogeneous sample (N = 32) comprising postgraduate (n = 10) and doctorates (n = 22) was chosen and the data was collected through semi-structured interviews. The interview contents ...

BACKGROUND Unplanned pregnancy is a key public health indicator. We describe the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy, and associated factors, in a general population sample in Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales). METHOD We did a probability sample survey, the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3), of 15,162 men and women aged 16-74 years in Britain, including 56...

Introduction: Unplanned pregnancy has been associated with postpartum depression but there is little information about other psycho-emotional disorders. Objective: We aimed to determine the presence of psycho-emotional disorders in women with unplanned pregnancy. Methods: Six-hundred and four women were recruited and divided into two groups: One consisting of 302 women with unplanned pregnancie...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Unplanned extubation can be a significant event that places the patient at risk for adverse events. Our goal was to reduce unplanned extubations to,1 unplanned extubation per 100 patient-intubated days. METHODS: All unplanned extubations in the NICU beginning in October 2009 were audited. Data collected included time of day, patient weight, and patient care activity a...

BACKGROUND Identifying risk factors for unplanned extubation in patients receiving mechanical ventilation can help guide prevention strategies. OBJECTIVE To assess the risk of unplanned extubation with different sedation strategies. METHODS A 36-month quality improvement study in a 33-bed intensive care unit at a tertiary-care center. RESULTS A total of 92 unplanned extubations occurred (...

BACKGROUND Many patients with kidney failure "crash" onto dialysis or initiate dialysis in an unplanned fashion. There are varying definitions, but essentially, a patient is labeled as having a crash dialysis start if he or she has little to no care by a nephrologist prior to starting dialysis. A patient is labeled as having an unplanned dialysis start when he or she starts dialysis with a cath...