The major aspects that must be considered in studies of the health effects of environmental pollutants are: the direct damage due to the exposure, the role of pre-existing disease, and effects of the exposure on the response to secondary stresses. In experimental studies at concentrations of air pollutants found in urban environments frank toxicological responses are rarely observed. However, e...

Organic pollutants (e.g. polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH)) strongly sorb to carbonaceous sorbents such as black carbon and activated carbon (BC and AC, respectively). For a creosote-contaminated soil (Sigma15PAH 5500 mg kg(dry weight(dw))(-1)) and an urban soil with moderate PAH content (Sigma15PAH 38 mg kg(dw)(-1)), total organic carbon-water distribution coefficients (K(TOC)) were up to a fact...

Urbanization is one of the predominant demographic trends of the late 20th century, with populations in developing countries moving in ever greater numbers from the rural countryside to cities of all sizes. The nutrition community is logically mostly fixated on issues of intake of foods and determination by nutritional status, and see urbanization and urban populations through that prism. Aside...

Due to their detrimental effects on human health, the scientific interest in ultrafine particles (UFP) has been increasing, but available information is far from comprehensive. Compared to the remaining population, the elderly are potentially highly susceptible to the effects of outdoor air pollution. Thus, this study aimed to (1) determine the levels of outdoor pollutants in an urban area with...

Study on the prevalence of allergic respiratory diseases in schoolchildren between six and seven years old, associated with indicators of air pollution. A questionnaire based on the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood was administered to parents of students from public schools, located in urban areas with differing vehicle flows. There was a positive correlation between mon...

Air pollution is one of environmental issues that cannot be ignored. The heavy transportation and urbanization result in the air pollutants concentrated in certain areas. Inhaling pollutants for a long time causes damages in human health. Traditional air quality monitoring methods, such as building air quality monitoring stations, are typically expensive. In addition, monitoring stations are ge...

Asthma and allergic diseases cases have risen in recent decades. Plant pollen is considered as the main aeroallergen causing allergic reactions. According to available data, urban residents experience more respiratory allergies than rural residents mainly due to the interaction between chemical air pollutants and pollen grains. This interaction can occur through several mechanisms; chemical pol...

considerable consequence of households’ consumption expenditure changes is on energy using in agricultural sector and in other economical sectors. the main objective of this paper was to study of consequences increasing rural and urban households expenditures on changing of energy using in agricultural sector and on producing of environmental pollutants in khorasan razavi province. for this pur...

Petrol powered traffic has replaced domestic heating and industry as the main causes for urban air pollution (Colvile, Hutchinson, Mindell, & Warren, 2001). Automobile combustion engines are responsible for the better part of a city’s CO2 and NOX pollutants. The amount of pollutants emitted by a vehicle largely depends on fuel consumption: the more fuel the vehicle consumes, the higher its emis...

The design of three stormwater treatment facilities, aiming at implementing and demonstrating technologies that efficiently reduce diffuse urban pollutant loads onto receiving waters is presented. The designs aim at reducing not only particulates, but also dissolved pollutants and pollutants associated with colloids. Unit operations that are efficient in this respect are discussed. Different te...