This article considers recent literature on contemporary urbanization in Africa that is united in its 'post-normative' orientation, firmly discarding the 'expectations' of modernization that so deeply shaped twentieth-century research on African cities. Best typified by the work of urban anthropologists such as Abdoumaliq Simone, this scholarship instead focuses on the 'vernacularization' of ur...

Examining the planning of cemeteries in the urbanism system of Iran does not show a goodcondition. In fact, cemeteries in the most Persian cities have become large-scale open spaces outside the city. This couldcause irreparable damage to the cities because of the partial and/or improper use of the capacity of urban lands. Alongwith this, historical cemeteries within the cities have been abandon...

Increasing demand for developable space in urban areas has created increased interest in construction on top of old landfills. Landfill redevelopment projects can include hard uses such as commercial, industrial, or infrastructure facilities and soft uses such as athletic fields, golf courses, and amphitheatres. Engineering challenges associated with landfill redevelopment include foundation de...

Urban development process can be considered as a system with its stakeholders falling under categories of Public, Private and People. This approach is called Public-Private-People Partnership (4P) and it has been successfully used in housing development. Between the stakeholders there are several kinds of relationships already recognised, but the field is by no means studied thoroughly. This pa...

While traditional street design relied upon segregating vehicles and pedestrians in urban areas to ensure smooth traffic flow, urban planners and traffic engineers are gradually moving away from it. Instead, under the more modern concept of integrated street design, more space and freedom of action is provided to pedestrians, the needs of whom were previously omitted. An example space to have u...