Standing at 2.5 trillion barrels, Canada has the largest portion of the world’s ultra-heavy oil and bitumen resources. While shallow heavy oil reserves are extracted from pit mines, deeper reserves can only be extracted through wells. Production requires Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) and Cyclic Steam Simulation (CSS) methods. The optimal placement of wells defines the propagation of st...

Abstract Thermal injection methods are usually used for high viscosity oil. The results of previous studies showed that the combination SF and SFF had highest increase in oil recovery but still requires further study to determine optimum strategy. This work is purposed optimize development scenario a combined CSS-SF applied heavy field located Sumatera, Indonesia. factor NPV become objective fu...

Reactive routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks usually discover routes by disseminating control packets across the entire network; this technique is known as brute-force flooding. This paper presents NARD, which stands for neighbor-assisted route discovery protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks. In NARD, a source node floods a limited portion of the network searching not only for the destin...

COSY proton nuclear magnetic resonance was used to measure the exchange rates of amide protons of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in the pressure-assisted cold-denatured state and in the heat-denatured state. After dissolving lysozyme in deuterium oxide buffer, labile protons exchange for deuterons in such a way that exposed protons are substituted rapidly, whereas "protected" protons within stru...