1. In six healthy volunteer subjects polydipsic water loading significantly increased urine volume from 1203 +/- 242 (SEM) to 5072 +/- 320 ml/24 h (P less than 0.001) with a significant decrease in urinary osmolality. This increase in urine volume by more than fourfold was associated with a slight increase in urinary excretion of prostaglandin E2 from 466 +/- 66 to 1017 +/- 174 pmol/24 h (P = 0...

BACKGROUND In the kidney, 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) are formed by the same enzyme, l-aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, but act on renal function and glomerular structure in an opposite direction. The present study was designed to explore whether rates of renal production of 5-HT relative to that of DA are altered in patients with essential hypertension and microalbuminuria. ...

Urinary albumin excretion is a predictor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. We investigated which parameters determine baseline urinary albumin excretion in nondiabetic subjects, without renal disease. In addition, we evaluated the parameters that predict the albuminuria-lowering efficacy of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. In this substudy of the Prevention of Renal and Vas...

1. The 24 h urinary excretion of kallikrein has been studied in 40 normotensive control subjects and in 74 age-matched patients with essential hypertension under similar conditions. By use of the renin-sodium index, hypertensive patients were divided into two subgroup: low-renin hypertension and normal-renin hypertension patients. Urinary kallikrein determinations were also obtained from six hy...

PURPOSE The occurrence of brushite stones has increased during recent years. However, the pathogenic factors driving the development of brushite stones remain unclear. METHODS Twenty-eight brushite stone formers and 28 age-, sex- and BMI-matched healthy individuals were enrolled in this case-control study. Anthropometric, clinical, 24 h urinary parameters and dietary intake from 7-day weighed...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Disorders of mineral metabolism are more common in African Americans with CKD than in European Americans with CKD. Previous studies have focused on the differences in mineral metabolism by self-reported race, making it difficult to delineate the importance of environmental compared with biologic factors. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS In a cross-sectio...

OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate whether asymptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) significantly influences the level of albumin excretion rate (AER) in diabetic patients. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We screened prospectively for UTI and AER in 765 type 2 diabetic subjects. AER was determined before and after antimicrobial therapy in those patients in whom an asymptomatic UTI w...

• Potential living donors should have their urinary protein excretion measured using either a 24-hour urine collection (daily excretion) or a spot urine sample (protein/creatinine ratio). • A urine protein excretion of >300 mg/day (24 hour collection) or of >30 mg/mmol (spot urine protein/ creatinine ratio) is usually a contraindication to live donation. • Further investigations are warranted w...

The whole plant, Pergularia daemia (Family: Asclepediaceae), was extracted with 50% alcohol and a fresh batch of the plant material was successively extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol to determine its diuretic activity. The diuretic activity of the different extracts at a dose of 400 mg/Kg was assessed orally in rats with furosemide as a standard drug using Lipschitzs t...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the extent to which increase in iodine requirement was achieved in pregnant women who attended the antenatal clinic at Harare Central Hospital. DESIGN Cross sectional. SETTING Samples were collected from pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Harare Central Hospital, and from lactating mothers and their infants. SUBJECTS 100 pregnant women attending the antenat...