The objectives of this study were to recruit agricultural workers in Costa Rica to participate in a 24-hour urine collection for paraquat exposure assessment and to compare the 24-hour sampling to end-of-shift sampling. The authors recruited 187 handlers and 54 nonhandlers from coffee, banana, and palm oil plantations. The completeness of 24-hour urine samples collected (a total of 393 samples)...

Objective: To investigate whether the use of the stomach as a substitute after oesophageal resections causes disturbances in vitamin B12 absorption due to de®cient intrinsic factor (IF) production. Material and methods: Eleven patients operated upon with oesophageal resection a.m. Ivor Lewis, for malignant (10) or benign (1) conditions of the oesophagus were examined with a postoperative dual i...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic fungal metabolite found on wheat, maize and barley. We previously reported a significant association between the amount of DON in a single 24 h urine sample and the average cereal intake over 7 d for 300 UK adults. In this more detailed analysis of the data, food diary information (n 255) for the day of urine collection (model I), the previous 24 h period (model ...

The routes of metabolism of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine in humans are dependent on the time of dosing. Administration of 750 mg of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine (Day 1) during the day at 8:00 AM followed by a 8:00 AM to 4:00 PM urine collection revealed that S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine S-oxide was the major urinary metabolite produced. The 4:00 PM to midnight urine collection resulted in S-(carboxym...

I N 190S, Shaffer’ demonstrated that the daily excretion of creatinine in adult man is remarkably constant over long periods of time, even under the most varied circumstances. Because the quantity excreted is little affected by diet, exercise or volume of urine, the daily creatinine excretion is used to determine the completeness of twenty-four hour urine collections. Since creatinine excretion...

Hydrophobic sand is a relatively new method of urine collection in the rodent, comparable to the established method using a metabolic cage. Urine samples are often used in rodent research, especially for biomarkers of health changes after internal contamination from embedded metals, such as in a model of a military shrapnel wound. However, little research has been done on the potential interfer...

Investigation of the genetic basis of hyperuricaemia is a subject of intense interest. However, clinical studies commonly include hyperuricaemic patients without distinguishing between 'over-producers' or 'under-excretors' of urate. The statistical power of studies of genetic polymorphisms of genes encoding renal urate transporters is diluted if 'over-producers' of uric acid are included. We pr...

This study addresses the measurements of glyphosate exposure received by 14 workers employed at two tree nurseries. The applicators, weeders, and scouts monitored all wore normal work clothing, which for applicators was a protective suit, rubber gloves and boots. Measurements were made of the glyphosate that was dislodged from conifer seedlings during water rinses taken twice weekly from May th...

OBJECTIVE A large-scale population study of health and disease would represent the most powerful tool to address these important issues in Poland. The aim is to extensively survey the study population with respect to important factors related to health and wellbeing, and subsequently, the intention is to follow-up the population for important health outcomes, including the incidence and mortali...

Cortisol and creatinine were measured in two consecutive overnight urine collections from 103 healthy school children, ages seven to 18.5 years. Mean cortisol and creatinine concentrations were respectively 194 nmol/L and 12.7 mmol/L. The data were statistically analyzed to simultaneously assess any effects of sex, age, weight, day of collection, and urine volume. Mean urine volume for boys exc...