PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To review the symptoms of urogenital atrophy in breast cancer survivors, influencing factors, and their effects on performance. DATA SOURCES Review of qualitative and quantitative research data that describe pain, function, satisfaction, and quality of life related to urologic, genital, and sexual function. DATA SYNTHESIS Breast cancer treatment can induce or exacerbate s...

primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pnet) is usually an aggressive, rapidly progressing and metastasizing tumor. occurrence of this type of tumor in the kidney is considered as unusual and few cases have been reported so far. we present a metastatic pnet arising probably from the kidney in a 17-year-old female patient with local invasion and metastasis to the stomach. pnet should be considered as ...

intraocular metastatic tumors have been increasingly reported in the recent past. unlike choroidal metastasis, metastasis to retina is very rare and so far has been reported in very few case reports only. case presentation : a 56 year-old male who presented with a history of adenocarcinoma of the cecum and underwent lap colectomy for the primary cecal tumor, received adjuvant chemotherapy for a...

Penile agenesis or aphallia is a rare congenital anomaly occurring with a frequency of 1:10 -1:30 million newborns. Fewer than 100 cases have been reported worldwide. Associated urogenital malformations and the presence of oligohydramnios with pulmonary hypoplasia determine the infant's viability. Extra-urogenital anomalies have been described in the cardiovascular, gastro-intestinal and muscul...

BACKGROUND Cloacal malformation is a spectrum of diseases affecting females, resulting in abnormal confluence of the urinary system, genital system, and/or gastrointestinal system. Proper reconstruction depends mainly on accurate preoperative illustration of the abnormal anatomy. Among the various modalities to delineate the urogenital sinus and the distances to confluence, lies the radiologica...

Schistosoma haematobium is the etiologic agent for urogenital schistosomiasis, a major source of morbidity and mortality for more than 112 million people worldwide. Infection with S. haematobium results in a variety of immunopathologic sequelae caused by parasite oviposition within the urinary tract, which drives inflammation, hematuria, fibrosis, bladder dysfunction, and increased susceptibili...

Gene targeting experiments have shown that the murine Hoxa-13 and Hoxd-13 paralogous genes control skeletal patterning in the distal region of the developing limbs. However, both genes are also expressed in the terminal part of the digestive and urogenital tracts during embryogenesis and postnatal development. Here, we report the abnormalities occuring in these systems in Hoxa-13(-/-) and Hoxa-...