Moral judgment often requires making difficult tradeoffs (e.g., is it appropriate to torture to save the lives of innocents at risk?). Previous research suggests that both emotional appraisals and more deliberative utilitarian appraisals influence such judgments and that these appraisals often conflict. However, it is unclear how these different types of appraisals are represented in the brain,...

As with organizational development, citizenship behavior should be central to the development and success of open professional virtual communities. An increasing literature emphasizes on predicting knowledge contribution behaviors in virtual communities (VC) from the extrinsic and intrinsic motivation or benefit perspectives. In line with the consumer behavior literature that distinguishes betw...

Is it permissible to harm one to save many? Classic moral dilemmas are often defined by the conflict between a putatively rational response to maximize aggregate welfare (i.e., the utilitarian judgment) and an emotional aversion to harm (i.e., the non-utilitarian judgment). Here, we address two questions. First, what specific aspect of emotional responding is relevant for these judgments? Secon...

It is generally recognized that online shopping has both utilitarian as well as hedonic components. The primary focus of this investigation is to examine task framing (either utilitarian or hedonic) and length of viewing time (unlimited or 5 s) as conditions that influence user website perceptions and viewing behavior. Whether a task is framed as either hedonic or utilitarian received limited s...

 Arguments for and against the legal prohibition of drugs are surveyed. Various kinds of argument are identified and analysed: arguments against prohibition from a moral right to personal liberty; utilitarian and contractualist arguments for a right to personal liberty; arguments for prohibition from liberty-limiting principles (the harm principle, legal paternalism, legal moralism, Kan...

this research, applied as a survey approach aimed at investigating farmers’ tendency and attitudes toward agricultural water management styles (wmss). therefore, using cochran’s formula and simple random sampling, 244 farmers were selected in doroudzan region, iran. the data were acquired by face-to-face structural interviews and as well through a questionnaire that consisted of closed and open...

There are two moral ethical dichotomies in healthcare: consequentialism versus deontology and individualism versus collectivism. When the physician is faced with the dilemma of deciding between one versus many, he often has to resort to the principle of promoting the greatest good for the greatest number, or the principle of maximizing utility. Utilitarianianism is the creed which accepts as th...