Ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation present in sunlight causes sustained immune suppression, photocarcinogenesis and photoaging in humans. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) plays a critical role in UVB-induced immune suppression by inhibiting cell-mediated immune reactions. Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) have been implicated in UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis. Caffeic acid (CA), a phenolic acid prese...

During emersion, diatoms are exposed to sunlight (with UVB) on tidal flats, where the salinity may increase as a result of evaporation. In order to investigate whether a combination of UV radiation and desiccation would cause oxidative stress under such conditions, an experiment has been carried out with the diatom Cylindrotheca closterium. Cell division rates, photosynthetic efficiencies, pigm...

Administration of caffeine was shown in earlier studies to enhance UVB-induced apoptosis and inhibit UVB-induced carcinogenesis in hairless SKH-1 mice. Here, we describe a potential mechanism for these in vivo effects. A single irradiation of mouse skin with UVB activated the ataxia-telangiectasia mutated- and Rad3-related (ATR) pathway, causing a severalfold increase in keratinocytes with phos...

BACKGROUND Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease, and a mixed Th1/Th17 cytokine environment plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Dermal fibroblasts secrete certain cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, and CXCL-1, contributing to the hyperproliferative state of the epidermis in psoriatic skin. Ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy is one of the most commonly used tre...

Transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) regulates antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated expression and coordinated induction of chemoprotective proteins in response to chemical stress. In this report, we investigated Nrf2 response to low and high dose UVB irradiation. Low dose (7.5 J/m(2)) UVB exposure of mouse hepatoma, mouse keratinocyte, and human skin fibroblast cells led t...

Background: Ultraviolet B irradiation (UVB) contributes to skin inflammation. As UVB mostly affects the epidermis, crosstalk between epidermis and dermis in response needs investigation. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), lipid bilayer membrane secreted by cells, can carry lipids, proteins nucleic acids mediate signal transduction. Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) inflammasome activation-media...

AIM Evaluation of narrow band ultraviolet B (NB UVB 311 nm) in the treatment of vitiligo by two independent studies. The first study compared NB UVB with a well-established therapeutic modality, psoralen ultraviolet A (PUVA), and the second study was conducted to find out whether psoralen might add to its efficacy. METHODS In the first study, 15 patients were exposed on the left half of their...

Exposure of platelet concentrates (PCs) to ultraviolet B radiation (UVB) has been advocated as an alternative method for prevention of the onset of HLA sensitization in recipients. In this study, pooled PCs were irradiated in a Haemonetics UV irradiator (Haemonetics Corp, Braintree, MA) at a dose that did not induce platelet activation. The effect of UVB irradiation on prevention of primary HLA...

Stat3 is initially dephosphorylated in murine keratinocytes in response to UVB irradiation. Treatment with Na(3)VO(4) desensitized keratinocytes to UVB-induced apoptosis with the recovery of phosphorylated Stat3 protein levels, implying that a protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) is involved in this mechanism. In the current work, we report that three PTPs including TC45 (the nuclear form of TC-P...

Levels of UVB radiation (UVB) and mean temperatures have increased substantially over recent decades in many regions of the world. Both stressors independently can compromise immune function, disease resistance and fitness in fish. The impact of UVB can also be exacerbated by interactions with environmental temperatures. In this paper, we test the hypothesis that UVB and temperature act synergi...