While science has good knowledge of semiconductor bandgaps, there is not much information regarding the steepness of the band-edges. We find that a plot of absolute conductance, I/V versus voltage, V, in an Esaki diode or a backward diode will reveal a best limit for the band tails, defined by the tunneling joint density of states of the two band-edges. This joint density of states will give in...

AIM Described in this manuscript is the first ever reported, new, simple, high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method for the determination of mycophenolate mofetil in bulk and tablet dosage form. MATERIALS AND METHODS The drug was separated on aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254 with toluene, acetone, and methanol in the ratio of 6:2:2 (v/v/v) as the mobile phase. Quanti...

The effect of hydrogen (H2) gas exposure on the field emission properties of tin oxide (SnO2) nanowires films synthesized by the carbon thermal reduction vapor transport method was investigated. The exposure of H2 gas results in the reduction of the turn-on voltage for driving a current of 10 nA from 7.6 V/μm to 5.5 V/μm and the increase of the field current based on 10 V/μm from 0.47 μA to 2.1...

We examined the kinetic properties of the interactions between inner and outer cation sites of the Na-Li countertransport system in human red blood cells. Li-stimulated Na efflux [V(Na)] was measured as a function of external Li [(Li)o] and internal Na [(Na)i] contents. At each (Li)o, a Hanes plot of (Na)i/V(Na) vs. (Na)i allowed us to calculate the apparent dissociation constant for internal N...

We discuss the implications of the recent upward revision of the LMC microlensing rate by the MACHO Collaboration. We conclude: (i) A good case for the existence of baryonic dark matter in the halo has been made; (ii) The case for the existence of cold dark matter is unaffected and still compelling; and (iii) The Galactic halo is still an excellent place to search for cold dark matter particles...

The dilator function of the vascular endothelium is critical for optimal tissue perfusion, and this is brought into stark reality in a number of diseases, such as hypertension, diabetes, and preeclampsia, in which endothelium-dependent vasodilator function is impaired. Prostacyclin and nitric oxide (NO) were the earliest identified endothelium-dependent vasodilators, but it was soon found that ...

An anticipatory system for guiding plot development in interactive narratives is described. The executable model is a finite automaton that provides the implemented system with a lookahead. The identification of undesirable future states in the model is used to guide the player, in a transparent manner. In this way, too radical twists of the plot that lead to behaviors of the autonomous fellow ...