Nipa palm vinegar (NPV) is a naturally fermented derived from the nipa (Nypa fruticans Wurmb) sap. This work optimized production of spray-dried powder. The influence various drier air inlet temperatures (150, 170, and 190 °C) maltodextrin DE10 carrier concentrations (15 20% w/v) in feed, on characteristics product powder was investigated. (NPVp) evaluated terms following responses: physicochem...

Pistachio powder is a product used today in confectionery, ice cream, pistachio paste and other foods. Considering the higher rate of spoilage and oxidation in pistachio powder, developing methods to increase the shelf-life of this product is therefore important. In this study the effect of  freezing and vacuum packaging on the quality characteristics of pistachio powder during storage was inve...

The shift from denser forests to open, grass-dominated vegetation in west-central North America between 26 and 15 million years ago is a major ecological transition with no clear driving force. This open habitat (OHT) considered by some be evidence for drier summers, more seasonal precipitation, or cooler climate, but others have proposed that wetter conditions and/or warming initiated the OHT....

The impacts of summer heat extremes are mediated by humidity. Increases in temperatures due to human-caused climate change generally expected increase specific humidity; however, it remains unclear how humidity may change, especially climatologically dry (low-humidity) regions. Here we show that on days during (defined here as July–September) has decreased over the past seven decades United Sta...