Changes of estrous cycles with aging of F344/N rats between 1 and 30 months of age (M) were monitored by vaginal smear cytology. The vaginal opening and first cornified cell phase were identified at 1.3 +/- 0.1 M and 1.5 +/- 0.2 M, respectively. Thereafter, estrous cycles showed about 5-day intervals, and ceased at 16.4 +/- 1.2 M. Thereafter irregular appearance of single cornified cell phases ...

BACKGROUND Clinicians and investigators often do not appreciate the importance of vaginal microbiocoenosis and vaginal cytology in the health of prepubertal and adolescent girls. DATA SOURCES Based on recent publications in human medicine and our own experience with vaginal cytology and microbiology in children and adolescent girls, we review the principles of vaginal microbiocoenosis and cyt...

OBJECTIVE To explore the efficacy of local oxytocin for the treatment of post-menopausal vaginal atrophy. DESIGN Double-blinded randomised controlled trial. SETTING Healthy post-menopausal women in Stockholm, Sweden. PARTICIPANTS Sixty four post-menopausal women between February and June 2012 at the Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge/Sweden. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The efficacy of ox...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to examine the positive and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervical colposcopy, the sensitivity and specificity of smear, and to evaluate the correlation with histopathology of abnormal cytology and colposcopy. MATERIAL AND METHODS The criteria for inclusion of patients with unhealthy cervix in the study were: Eros...

BACKGROUND Cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer remain important health problems for women worldwide. It is largely a preventable disease that is characterised by a long lead time. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of precancerous conditions of cervix (CIN I-III) in women with chronic vaginal discharge by Pap smear screening. METHODS The study...

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a disorder of the vaginal ecosystem characterized by a shift in the vaginal flora from the normally predominant Lactobacillus to one dominated by sialidase enzyme-producing mixed flora. It is the most common cause of abnormal vaginal discharge in adult women. The BVBlue system (Gryphus Diagnostics, L.L.C.) is a chromogenic diagnostic test based on the presence of ele...

Curcumin and curcumin containing polyherbal preparations have demonstrated anti-microbial and anti- viral properties in pre-clinical studies. Till date no therapeutic intervention has been proved to be effective and safe in clearing established cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The present study evaluated the efficacy of Basant polyherbal vaginal cream (containing extracts of curcu...

Effects of the uterine cervical stimulation applied at the postpartum estrus was examined in the lactating rats whose pups were removed on various days from 0 to 26 day after parturition. The changes of vaginal smear and the secretion pattern of progestins were followed. In the animals either with (experimental group) or without (control group) the stimulation, the continuation of lactation bey...

Primary vaginal cancer combined with uterine prolapse is very rare. We present a case of 80-year-old postmenopausal women complaints of something coming out per vagina for the past 20 years, along with blood stained discharge, foul odor leukorrhea, and severe pelvic pain for the last 3 months. A 4 × 5 cm ulcer was present on middle third of vaginal wall with marked edema and ulceration of surro...