Pulmonary valvular regurgitation occasionally develops in the course of bacterial endocarditis due to erosion or perforation of the valve cusps. It also may occur in patients with chronic pulmonary hypertension secondary to obstructive lesions in the left side of the heart or in the pulmonary blood vessels. In these latter circumstances, the regurgitation is thought to be due to stretching of t...

A 75 year old man with long-standing rheumatic mitral stenosis who refused surgical intervention was treated with percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty. Prevalvuloplasty evaluation revealed a heavily calcified mitral valve, a mean transvalvular gradient of 18 mm Hg, a Fick cardiac index of 1.7 liters/min per m2, a mitral valve area of 0.6 cm2 and 1 + mitral regurgitation. After transeptal catheter...

The effects on myocardial oxygen consumption and mechanics of acute, simulated aortic and mitral regurgitation were studied in open-chest, anesthetized dogs to determine how changes in the mechanical performance of the ventricle alter oxygen consumption. When regurgitation was induced acutely with effective stroke volume (total stroke volume less regurgitant volume) and heart rate held constant...

We tested the hypotheses that Doppler echocardiography has a higher accuracy than clinical evaluation in the detection of significant aortic and mitral valvular heart disease and that Doppler echocardiography is highly accurate as compared with cardiac catheterization for the assessment of valvular disease severity. Thus, cardiac catheterization for the assessment of valve lesion severity may b...

With the introduction of the target-specific oral anticoagulants (TSOAs), primary and secondary stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation (AF) has been revolutionized. Large randomized clinical trials and subsequent meta-analyses have clearly demonstrated that these agents have at least comparable if not superior efficacy and cause no more or even less major bleeding than vitamin K antagonists. ...

BACKGROUND Analogous to stenotic valve area in the assessment of valvular stenosis, regurgitant orifice area (ROA) represents a fundamental parameter to assess valvular insufficiency. However, this parameter has not been routinely available up to now. In this study, we introduce the concept and provide the methodology to calculate regurgitant orifice area noninvasively, based on the analysis of...

Aortic Regurgitation is also known as Aortic Insufficiency (AI). It indicates the inability of the aortic valve. During diastole, the aortic valve allows blood flow in the reverse direction from aorta into the left ventricle. Regurgitation is due to incompetence of the aortic valve or any disorder of the valvular apparatus (e.g., leaflets, annulus of the aorta) ensuing in diastolic flow of bloo...

We performed a successful Batista operation with aortic valve replacement (AVR), graft replacement of the ascending aorta, and tricuspid annuloplasty for a patient with valvular cardiomyopathy with severe aortic stenosis, an ascending aortic aneurysm, and grade 3 tricuspid regurgitation.

Purpose Aortic regurgitation by CMR has been assessed in various locations, including sinus of valsalva (SOV), sinotubular junction (STJ), and ascending aorta (ASC). Variability in obtained measurements and interchangeability of these locations and methods in patients with varying valvular disease severity is unknown. We sought to determine the most appropriate aortic level for accurate phase c...