A combination of vertical and lateral piezoresponse force microscopy ~VPFM and LPFM, respectively! has been used to map the out-of-plane and in-plane polarization distribution, respectively, of ~111!-oriented Pb(Zr,Ti)O3-based ~PZT! ferroelectric patterned and reactively-ion-etched capacitors. While VPFM and LPFM have previously been used to determine the orientation of the polarization vector ...

Electrochemical capacitors, also called supercapacitors, store energy using either ion adsorption (electrochemical double layer capacitors) or fast surface redox reactions (pseudo-capacitors). They can complement or replace batteries in electrical energy storage and harvesting applications, when high power delivery or uptake is needed. A notable improvement in performance has been achieved thro...

This paper presents work towards heterogeneous integration of high-efficiency power amplifiers (PAs) and tuner and biasing circuits implemented with micro-electro-machined elements. The PAs operate in switched mode with over 70% efficiency at X-band. Many such switched-mode amplifiers are used as the active portion of spatial power combining antenna arrays, with 2.3kW ERP at 8.4GHz at 65% drain...

This paper presents an efficient approach for optimal placement of capacitor in radial distribution system, with an objective of improving the voltage profile and reduction of power loss. Distribution system is a link between high voltage transmission system and the low voltage end users, so it’s very essential to keep the system healthy and with minimum losses. The present work is devoted to d...

The most widely applied six phase induction generator (SPIG) leads to insufficient frequency regulation ability of power system. A Combined with appropriate capacitors and a motor, it produces an that is self-excited. advantage this generator, which has recently caught the interest various experts, particularly in field wind energy, combines advantages multiphase devices. This study aims offer ...

Decoupling capacitors on packages and printed circuits boards are often essential to reduce voltage fluctuations and maintain power and signal integrity. This paper presents a measure for the evaluation of effectiveness of decoupling capacitors placed on package or board structures.

Monitoring the condition of electrolytic capacitors in practical applications is a topic that has been and remains subject much research. This article part research this area. It develops parameter observer (PO) proposes its use for determination equivalent capacity serial resistance capacitors. The an integral-open-loop type second-order system, input which voltage at capacitor terminals measu...

In this paper, we propose a novel intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) structure, which is capable of jointly forming desirable beam and polarization reflected wave with the aid massive elements. More specifically, proposed IRS composed unit cells, each having multiple variable capacitors. Active tuning capacitances capacitors in cell provides full coverage 360° reflection phase. Furthermore, s...

Aiming at the optimization of current stress with low voltage ratio and full ZVS, a control method combining variable duty cycle phase shift was proposed based on dual active bridge (DAB) converters DC blocking capacitors. By adding bias to capacitors, asymmetric modulation (ADM) can adjust as needed. Based theoretical analysis steady-state operation, operating modes be divided into eight modes...

A review of the two integrator loop oscillator circuits providing two quadrature sinusoidal output voltages is given. All the circuits considered employ the minimum number of capacitors namely two except one circuit which uses three capacitors. The circuits considered are classified to four different classes. The first class includes floating capacitors and floating resistors and the active bui...