Cavernous malformations (CM), also called cavernous angiomas and cavernomas, are lowflow vascular malformations that constitute 5-13% of all central nervous system vascular malformations (Moriarity et al., 1999; Raychaudhuri et al., 2005). On the other hand, IVC are rare pathological entities, constituting 2,5-10.8% of cerebral CM (Kivelev et al., 2010). The first report of an IVC was published...

Vascular malformations arising from the wall of the external jugular vein are rare. This case series discusses the sonographic and MR imaging appearances of four such cases and reviews the literature. The diagnosis should be suggested preoperatively particularly because of the close relationship such malformations to the external jugular vein, as this helps surgeons to plan the operative proced...

The literature on spinal vascular malformations contains a great deal of confusing terminology. Some of the nomenclature is inconsistent with the lesions described. Based on the experience of the senior author (R.F.S.) in the treatment of more than 130 spinal cord vascular lesions and based on a thorough review of the relevant literature, the authors propose a modified classification system for...

Vascular malformations include several vascular abnormalities, congenital in most cases, classified according to their dynamic flow characteristics into high-flow and low-flow abnormalities; both types are commonly located in the head and neck region. Imaging modalities such as Echocolor-Doppler, CT, and MRI can be employed in the evaluation of vascular malformations’ in order to describe their...