varicose veins are an extremely common medical condition (present in 5-30% of adults). surgery remains the gold standard of care in patients with varicose veins, however several newer interventions have been recently introduced which need to be evaluated. during the standard surgery it is imperative to demonstrate and ligate the tributaries of the saphenofemoral junction in combination with str...

Adrenal vein sampling is the gold standard for identification of surgically curable primary aldosteronism, but its accuracy might be hindered by blood dilution from accessory vein blood. We prospectively investigated the presence of accessory veins draining into adrenal veins and their effect on the selectivity index (SI) in 74 consecutive patients undergoing adrenal vein sampling. On the right...

INTRODUCTION During early embryonic development, absorption of pulmonary venous network by the left primitive atrial chamber results in opening of four pulmonary veins which drain independently into its chamber. The extent of absorption and hence, the number of pulmonary veins which open into the left atrium, may vary. As only few studies have been done, which have shown such variations, the pr...

Endothelin-1 is a 21-amino acid endothelial vasoconstrictor peptide that may be the physiological antagonist of endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). Endothelin-1 (10(-11)-3 x 10(-7) M) evoked potent contractions of isolated internal mammary arteries, internal mammary veins, and saphenous veins, which were enhanced in internal mammary veins as compared with internal mammary arteries (conc...

introduction the study area is located in the central part of the khaf- kashmar- bardaskan volcano-plotunic belt (briefly kkbb). several iocg deposits such as tanourjeh au-bearing magnetite deposit and kuh-e-zar specularite-rich au deposit have been explored in kkbb. geology, alteration, mineralization, geochemistry and fluid inclusion results in kashmar suggest the iocg type au-bearing magneti...

Gao, Yuansheng, and J. Usha Raj. Role of veins in regulation of pulmonary circulation. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 288: L213–L226, 2005; doi: 10.1152/ajplung.00103.2004.—Pulmonary veins have been seen primarily as conduit vessels; however, over the past two decades, a large amount of evidence has accumulated to indicate that pulmonary veins can exhibit substantial vasoactivity. In this r...

Adrenal vein sampling is the gold standard for identification of surgically curable primary aldosteronism, but its accuracy might be hindered by blood dilution from accessory vein blood. We prospectively investigated the presence of accessory veins draining into adrenal veins and their effect on the selectivity index (SI) in 74 consecutive patients undergoing adrenal vein sampling. On the right...

although the etiology of varicose veins remains unknown, recent studies have focused on endothelial cell integrity and function because the endothelium regulates vessel tone and synthesizes many pro- and anti-inflammatory factors. the aim of this study was to investigate the evidence involving the endothelium in the development of varicose vein disease. in addition, tissue remodeling was invest...