the pomegranate seed oil (pso), containing 17-α-estradiol, is one of the newly found phytosterols with synergistic health effects on estrogen related physiological conditions. herein, pso was assessed for its potential improving effects on bone characteristics in a rat model of menopausal syndrome. three month old non-pregnant female wistar rats (n = 30) were either sham-operated (sham) or ovar...

BACKGROUND The key to its successful application is to determine the best entry point for the vertebral screw(s). This study aimed to provide a reference for clinical anterolateral fixation through digital measurement of computed tomography (CT) data to identify relevant anatomical positions in the middle and lower thoracic vertebrae (T4-T12) of 30 adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS We performed digi...

BACKGROUND Accurate geometry of the trunk musculature is essential for reliably estimating spinal loads in biomechanical models. Currently, many models employ straight muscle path assumptions that yield far less accurate tissue loads, particularly in extreme postures. Precise muscle moment-arms and physiological cross-sectional areas are important when incorporating curved muscle geometry in bi...

Vertebral artery injury may occur at the time of cervical fracture or dislocation. Congenital vertebral artery variations, especially a double vertebral artery origin, may be responsible for angiographic findings that mimic vertebral artery dissection. Two cases of cervical spine fracture with ipsilateral double vertebral artery are presented. Conventional cerebral angiography is the easiest an...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE We sought to identify the use of duplex and transcranial Doppler sonography in the noninvasive diagnosis of vertebral dissection. METHODS Ten patients with a diagnosis of symptomatic vertebral artery dissection confirmed by cerebral angiography were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Computed tomographic scanning and magnetic resonance imaging together delineated later...

OBJECTIVE To quantify changes in the diameter of the vertebral canal with flexion and extension in the cervical vertebral column. STUDY DESIGN Cadaveric biomechanical study. SAMPLE POPULATION Cadaveric canine cervical vertebral column (n = 16 dogs). METHODS All vertebral columns were evaluated with MRI. Group 1 consisted of 8 normal vertebral columns. Group 2 included 8 vertebral columns ...

There is little data on the diagnostic reliability of the ultrasonic Doppler technique for vertebral arterial occlusive lesions. Percutaneous vertebral Doppler examination and the vertebral angiograms were compared to determine the diagnostic reliability of this technique in 64 vertebral arteries of 53 patients with cerebrovascular disease. The percutaneous vertebral Doppler findings were quant...

complex vertebral malformation(cvm) isanautosomal recessivehereditarydisorder caused bya point mutation in position 559 inexon 4 of the slc35a3 gene on chromosome 3 inholstein dairy cattle.this mutationchanges the function of uridine 5-diphosphate-n-acetylglucosamine transporter protein bythe substitution of valine for phenylalanine at position 180 of this protein. the disease causes premature ...

the aim of this paper is to show the importance of analytic hyperbolic geometry introduced in [9]. in [1], ungar and chen showed that the algebra of the group sl(2,c) naturally leads to the notion of gyrogroups and gyrovector spaces for dealing with the lorentz group and its underlying hyperbolic geometry. they defined the chen addition and then chen model of hyperbolic geometry. in this paper,...

Total and regional allometric growth rates and termination sites of the spinal cord related to the respective vertebra were studied in 36 goat fetuses, from the Ahvaz slaughterhouse. These specimens were assigned to 3 groups, group 1 (CRL 10-20 cm), group 2 (CRL 21-30 cm), and group 3 (CRL 31-40 cm), each consisting of 6 male and 6 female fetuses. Observations in all 3 groups revealed that alth...