We show by means of analytical and numerical calculations that saturation, in combination with the linewidth-enhancement factor and the finite rate of spin-flip processes, causes a redshift of the spontaneous-emission peak with respect to the off-lasing-mode frequency in the optical spectrum of a quantum-well vertical-cavity surface emitting laser.

A vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser based bidirectional free-space optical interconnect has been implemented to interconnect two printed circuit boards. A total of 512 clustered channels with a density of 2844 channels/cm2 are transmitted over a distance of 83 mm. The optical interconnect is a combination of refractive microlenses and diffractive minilens relays.

We analyze the bifurcation mechanism responsible for the experimentally observed polarization selfmodulation ~PSM! in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to optical feedback. We show that closed branches of time-periodic intensity solutions connecting distinct external-cavity modes ~ECMs! exhibit PSM. Along these bridges, the linearly polarized components of the optical field oscil...

Unlike a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), which comprises two highly reflecting distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs), the extended cavity in VECSELs employs a third mirror. The fabrication of such a device requires a long process chain, including the patterning of the VCSEL structures, definition of the extended optical resonator, mirror coating and die bonding. While VCSELs have ...

Self-localized states or dissipative solitons have the freedom of translation in systems with a homogeneous background. When compared to cavity solitons in coherently driven nonlinear optical systems, laser cavity solitons have the additional freedom of the optical phase. We explore the consequences of this additional Goldstone mode and analyze experimentally and numerically frequency and phase...

Data are presented demonstrating a low thermal resistance lithographic laser. An 8 mm vertical-cavity surface emitting laser defined using lithography and epitaxial crystal growth provides output power of 14 mW, slope efficiency of 0.88 W/A corresponding to differential quantum efficiency of 70% and power conversion efficiency of 26%. Low thermal resistance, even without heatsinking, results in...

The role of coherent population oscillations is evidenced in the noise spectrum of an ultralow noise laser. This effect is isolated in the intensity noise spectrum of an optimized single-frequency vertical external cavity surface-emitting laser. The coherent population oscillations induced by the lasing mode manifest themselves through their associated dispersion that leads to slow light effect...

A photonic crystal vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a spectral width of 0.16 nm and a 3dB small signal modulation bandwidth of 16.2 GHz is demonstrated. Separation of optical and current apertures enables a narrow spectral width and an extremely low operating current density of ∼ 1 kA/cm simultaneously. It can potentially be used as a high-reliability laser source that enables error-...

Tuneable diode laser absorption spectroscopy of the A-band of oxygen has been successfully used to infer simple temperature distributions in a tubular furnace at two temperature settings, measuring the peak temperature and the width of the distribution along a single line of sight. This is achieved using a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with a large enough wavelength scanning range to s...