ABSTRACT: Extreme swelling pressures (in excess of 5 MPa) were measured against the invert of a tunnel excavated by drill and blast method in a hard claystone containing variable proportions of anhydrite and gypsum dispersed in the clay matrix. When the invert was not present, floor heave reached displacements in excess of 60 cm in some cross sections. Displacements and pressures developed at a...

The boundary between the lithosphere and asthenosphere is associated with a platewide high-seismic velocity "lid" overlying lowered velocities, consistent with thermal models. Seismic body waves also intermittently detect a sharp velocity reduction at similar depths, the Gutenberg (G) discontinuity, which cannot be explained by temperature alone. We compared an anisotropic tomography model with...

Deformation pattern of the northeastern part of the Iranian-Arabian collision zone (i.e., mainly Sanandaj-Sirjan Belt or Zone) is the main concern of this paper. Here, we investigate the stress distribution and displacement pattern of Eghlid-Deh Bid area as affected by the position of Zagros suture using a three dimensional mechanical model. The modeled area is located between the Zagros Thrust...

We present preliminary results from a deep (600 ks) Chandra observation of the hot interstellar medium of the nearby early-type galaxy Centaurus A (Cen A). We find a surface brightness discontinuity in the gas ∼3.5 kpc from the nucleus spanning a 120 arc. The temperature of the gas is 0.60±0.05 and 0.68±0.10 keV, interior and exterior to the discontinuity, respectively. The elemental abundance ...

a considerable amount of energy is released in the form of shock wave from explosive charge detonation. shock wave energy is responsible for the creation of crushing and fracture zone around the blast hole. the rest of the shock wave energy is transferred to rock mass as ground vibration. ground vibration is conveyed to the adjacent structures by body and surface waves. geological structures li...