Attractive toxic sugar baits (ATSBs) were used to control mosquitoes in the storm drains of a residential area on the outskirts of St Augustine, Florida. The drainage system was newly constructed and no mosquitoes were breeding inside it. The area covered by the storm drains was divided in half; 10 drains served as control drains and 16 drains served as experimental drains. The baits, which con...

In the past, it was generally advised that every patient undergoing thyroid surgery have a drain placed because of the fear of post-operative hematoma. In the past 9 years, we have performed 400 thyroidectomies. For the first 6 years, we drained the operative site in most of thyroid procedures. However, it was apparent from our experience that drains had very little effect on the prevention of ...

High- and low-pressure vacuum drains are commonly used after surgical procedures. High-pressure vacuum drains (ie, sealed, closed-circuit systems) are efficient and allow for easy monitoring and safe disposal of the drainage. Low-pressure vacuum drains use gentle pressure to evacuate excess fluid and air, and are easy for patients to manage at home because it is easy to reinstate the vacuum pre...

The primary consolidation may take long time due to the low permeability of clay soils in such cases soil improvement be required shorten time, increase shear strength, and therefore bearing capacity. Preloading is one commonly used methods consolidate before actual load strengthen weak compressible soils. In with problems, use prefabricated vertical drains (PVD) pre-loading shortens drainage p...

In recent years rapid development of infrastructures in metro cities compounded with scarcity of useful land and compelled the engineers to improve the properties of soil to bear the load transferred by the infrastructure e.g Buildings, bridges, roadways railways etc. The engineering techniques of ground improvement are removal and replacement, pre-compression, vertical drains, in-situ densific...