International Digital Divide is an imbalance state of ICT penetration between countries. This paper analyzes the current status and trends of international digital divide, adopts Gompertz technology diffusion model to verify the determinants of ICT penetration level and diffusion rate separately. Finally, China should use “policy levers” to strengthen international trade cooperation, improve th...

Lightning strikes on high-voltage transmission lines may create hazardous touch potentials on adjacent substation equipment and damage control equipment. When designing suitable substation earthing electrodes to overcome this problem and safely dissipate the transient fault currents to ground, it is essential to consider the behaviour of the current flow. The steadystate frequency equivalent to...

BACKGROUND The utility of combined oesophageal pressure-impedance recording has been enhanced by automation of data analysis. OBJECTIVE To understand how oesophageal function as measured by automated impedance manometry (AIM) pressure-flow analysis varies with bolus characteristics and subjective perception of bolus passage. METHODS Oesophageal pressure-impedance recordings of 5 and 10 ml l...

Inductive plethysmography and impedance pneumography are two non-invasive technologies for measuring respiratory function. The following report describes the advantages of inductive plethysmography, which include greater accuracy and sensitivity; the ability to assess thoracoabdominal coordination; and the minimization of motion artifact. Together, these properties make inductive plethysmograph...

Plant root encounters coarse environs right after emergence from the seed. Little is known about metabolic changes enabling to overcome soil impedance. It also not whether roots respond differently hardness when grown in horizontal and vertical orientation. We grew tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings vertically or horizontally on agarose with increasing (0.2 % → 1.2 %). examined morphology ...

In this paper, a new impedance function is proposed to achieve accurate force tracking under the presence of uncertainties in robot dynamics and environment models. The new impedance function is formulated on the basis of PID control of the force tracking error which compensates for the unknown environment stiiness and position. The robot dynamics uncertainties are compensated by a simple time-...

A new current-mode (CM) single input three outputs (SITO) multifunction filter topology is presented, which employs only three FTFNs or OFAs and five passive elements. From this topology, two filter circuits can be derived selecting the passive elements properly. The proposed filter realizes three filter functions simultaneously all at high impedance outputs. No component matching is required a...

Electrical impedance of biological matter is known as electrical bioimpedance or simply as bio-impedance. Bio-impedance devices are of great value for monitoring the pathological and physiological status of biological tissues in clinical and home environments. The technological progress in instrumentation has significantly contributed to the progress that has been observed during the last past ...