Well before 1859, the veterinary surgeon William Youatt was hailing selection as ‘the magician’s wand, by means of which he may summon into life whatever form and mould he pleases’. Youatt had in mind the power of the breeder in the barnyard, but his words, quoted in the Origin of Species, equally capture the spirit of Darwin’s performance on the page, the sense the reader has of an effortless ...

As cancer cell populations evolve, they accumulate a number of somatic mutations, resulting in heterogeneous subclones in the final tumor. Understanding the mechanisms that produce intratumor heterogeneity is important for selecting the best treatment. Although some studies have involved intratumor heterogeneity simulations, their model settings differed substantially. Thus, only limited condit...

Lung parenchyma surrounding an atelectatic region is thought to be subjected to increased stress compared with the rest of the lung. Using 37 hexagonal cells made of linear springs, Mead et al. (1970) measured a stress concentration greater than 30% in the springs surrounding a stiffer central cell. We re-examine the problem using a 2D finite element model of 500 cells made of thin filaments wi...

The freeze-fracture appearance of rat stomach and liver gap junctions changes after uncoupling procedures such as inhibition of the metabolism of perfusion with hypertonic sucrose. In control stomach, either fixed immediately or kept for 1 h in a well-oxygenated Tyrode's solution at 37 degrees C, most gap junctions between mucous cells contain particles irregularly packed at an average center-t...

Blade configuration of nanofluids has been proven to perform much better than dispersed configuration for some heat conduction systems. The analytical analysis and numerical calculation are made for the cylinder--shaped and regular-rectangular-prism--shaped building blocks of the blade-configured heat conduction systems (using nanofluids as the heat conduction media) to find the optimal cross-s...

This paper highlights the effects of cell wall material strain hardening and density functional gradation (FG) on in-plane constant-velocity dynamic crushing response and impact behavior of hexagonal honeycombs. Results show that cell wall material strain hardening influences the distinct deformation modes induced by crushing velocity generally observed in regular hexagonal honeycombs. This is ...

In this paper, a complete classification of finite simple cubic vertex-transitive graphs girth 6 is obtained. It proved that every such graph, with the exception Desargues graph on 20 vertices, either skeleton hexagonal tiling torus, truncation an arc-transitive triangulation closed hyperbolic surface, or 6-regular respect to dihedral scheme. Cubic larger than are also discussed.

The behavior and structure of Rb are explored up to 264 GPa, a pressure at which the density is increased more than eightfold. previously predicted double-hexagonal close packed stable above 200 while lower pressures change in compressibility 30 GPa arises from $s$-$d$ charge transfer. Above authors find that has regular compression $d$-type transition metal.