Maassab, H. F. (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor), and J. A. Veronelli. Characteristics of serially propagated monkey kidney cell cultures with persistent rubella infection. J. Bacteriol. 91:436-441. 1966.-A persistent infection of LLC-MK(2) cells with rubella virus has been established and maintained for over 3 years. This "carrier culture," designated as LLC-MK(2)-RAL, possesses distinct mor...

Exposure of both mammalian and reptilian cells in tissue culture to different strains of fixed rabies virus resulted in a carrier type of infection. No cytopathic effect was observed in either type of culture; infected cultures could be maintained by cell transfer for unlimited numbers of passages. A consistent pattern of cyclically rising and falling levels of viral infection was observed by f...

The mitochondrial phosphate carrier (PiC) is a mitochondrial solute carrier protein, which is encoded by SLC25A3 in humans. PiC delivers phosphate, a key substrate of oxidative phosphorylation, across the inner mitochondrial membrane. This transport activity is also relevant for allowing effective mitochondrial calcium handling. Furthermore, PiC has also been described to affect cell survival m...

Delta agent is a defective virus which may coinfect with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or superinfect a carrier of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Sera from 1130 adult and young jaundiced patients and volunteers of both sexes were tested for seromarkers of viral hepatitis by ELISA technique. One hundred and ninety three cases,positive for HBsAg, were further tested for delta antibody. A low prev...

In the absence of any ideal gene delivery carrier despite the recent explosion of novel carrier systems, the current trend is to explore the complementary synergy promised by a combination of delivery systems such as liposomes, which are the most widely researched versatile non-viral carriers, and tissue-engineered scaffolds with macrostructures of defined architecture comprised of natural or s...

Nucleic acid-based therapy is a growing field of drug delivery research. Although ultrasound has been suggested to enhance transfection decades ago, it took a combination of ultrasound with nucleic acid carrier systems (microbubbles, liposomes, polyplexes, and viral carriers) to achieve reasonable nucleic acid delivery efficacy. Microbubbles serve as foci for local deposition of ultrasound ener...

waterborne epidemics of viral diseases have occurred and been reported over the years, and isolation of viruses from water of different sources has been made possible by different methods of concentration. it is now believed that bacterial parameters of water purity may not provide an adequate index as to the safety from a virological point of view. in this study eight samples from four main te...

The husbands of 68 hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) carrier-state wives were tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) and antigen (HBsAg) to assess possible transmission of HBsAg. Eight (11.8%) of the 68 husbands gave negative results for HBsAg and 22 (32.4%) positive results for HBsAb. Furthermore, eight (26.7%) of 30 husbands with presumed HBsAg transmission from the...

Historically, most vaccines have been based on killed or live-attenuated infectious agents. Although very successful at immunizing populations against disease, both approaches raise safety concerns and often have limited production capacity. This has resulted in increased emphasis on the development of subunit vaccines. Several recombinant systems have been considered for subunit vaccine manufa...

conclusions our findings indicate that patients with the homozygous cc genotype in the il28b gene had a significantly higher rate of response to treatment than those with the tt or ct genotypes. nor does the il28b rs12979860 polymorphism affect the viral load. results the genotype frequencies of rs12979860 polymorphism in group 1 were cc (28.9%), ct (37.8%) and tt (33.3%) and in group 2 were cc...