entomopathogenic fungi produce a variety of degrading enzymes, including proteases, chitinases and lipases, to facilitate their entry through the massive barriers of insect cuticle. isolates of the entomopathogenic fungi vary considerably in their proteolytic activity and virulence. the proteolytic activity of different isolates has been hypothesized to reflect their virulence toward the host. ...

the present investigation was carried out to examine virulence diversity among the 291isolates (seven populations) of rhizoctonia solani ag-1 ia causing sheath blight of rice by sclerotia production and pathogencity studies on four rice cultivars representing different observed disease reactions, using detached leaf inoculation method in conjunction with mycelia growth measuring. based on patho...

Powdery mildew is a common, economically important disease in the wheat growing area of Serbia. A large-scale virulence survey its causal agent Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici population was performed period 1995–2013. total 1013 isolates were recovered from collected chasmothecial samples. Among them, 862 unique pathotypes identified using differential set 20 lines with known powdery (Pm) res...

The molecular approach to microbial pathogenesis has resulted in an impressive amount of data on bacterial virulence genes. Bacterial genome sequences rapidly add candidate virulence genes to electronic databases. The interpretation of this overwhelming information is obscured because every gene involved in pathogenicity is called a virulence gene, regardless of its function in the complex proc...

fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (fol) is the causal agent of vascular wilt in tomato, an important plant disease in iran. four monogenic resistance genes in tomato are used for identification of races of fol and their corresponding avirulence genes avr1, avr2 and avr3 were identified in pathogen one of which, avr2, is f.sp. specific. hence they can serve as reliable markers for racial ide...

As Virulence is approaching its 3 year anniversary, we would like to take this opportunity to highlight the most recent developments and the course of the journal. In June this year, Thomson Reuters (formerly ISI) Web of Knowledge released the first impact factor (IF) for Virulence: 2.264. Certainly we have some way to go in order to reach our goals but this is a positive first step. We are ded...

Cell-to cell communication occurs via a signaling pathway referred to as quorum sensing. There are four main types of these systems according to the chemical nature of signal molecules used by microorganisms to elicit expression of target genes in response to environmental stimuli or need of microbial communities. Type I system acts by using acyl homoserine lactones as signals to trigger the ex...

Multiple infections are known to affect virulence evolution. Some studies even show that coinfections may decrease the overall virulence (the disease-induced mortality of a coinfected host). Yet, epidemiological studies tend to overlook the overall virulence, and within-host models tend to ignore epidemiological processes. Here, I develop an epidemiological model where overall virulence is an e...

the aim of this study was to isolate escherichia coli from chickens and to determine the presence of the eaea gene, a virulence factor detected in escherichia coli, in the isolates by polymerase chain reaction (pcr). different chicken organs (lung, liver and spleen) were inoculated onto blood agar and biochemical tests were performed on the suspicious isolates. escherichiacoliwas isolated from ...