To provide information on virulence expression of Escherichia coli in healthy hosts, stool, periurethral, and urine samples were collected weekly from healthy 3-6-year-old girls who lived in a small rural community. Dominant and nondominant clones were defined in stool specimens, and the expression of virulence factors was determined. We found that healthy girls commonly shared dominant clones....

Equine gastric ulcer syndrome (EGUS) is a multifactorial disorder and one of the most common diseases in horses. The objective this research was to detect potential risk factors equine squamous disease (ESGD), Helicobacter pylori specific gene, tracing presence duodenal ulcer-promoting gene (dupA) as possible virulence marker. Gastric fluid together with faecal samples were collected from twent...

Physiological race determination of 143 Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (FOL) isolates collected along 30 years in major tomato‐producing regions Brazil. races were determined via root‐dipping inoculation differential tomato accessions and by the PCR‐based marker system Hirano Arie (2006). According to pathogenicity/virulence assays, five 1, 23 2 115 3 identified. FOL 1 prevailed up early...

PURPOSE To determine whether tyrosine 116 of the HSV-1 alpha22 protein is involved in virulence and is a potential phosphorylation site. METHODS Site-directed mutagenesis was used to revert the Y116C mutation in the alpha22 gene of the strain OD4 to wild type (C116Y), and the effect of virulence was tested by using a marker transfer-infection protocol in mice. Immunoblot analysis, tryptic pho...

Isoniazid, is the only antituberculous drug for which the relation between lack of virulence and acquisition of resistance was associated. INH-resistant mutants were shown to contain defective katG gene. Classical studies showed that INH-resistant south Indian isolates have lower virulence in guinea pigs and higher susceptibility to H2O2. It is of interest to assess the virulence in south India...

We determined the surface-associated proteolytic activity in three Entamoeba histolytica Schaudinn, 1903 strains (monoxenic HM1, axenic HM1, and HK9) of known virulence and its relationship with collagenase activity. Both activities were also determined in axenic HM1 amoebae trophozoites which were sensitive and resistant to complement-mediated lysis. Surface proteolytic activity was determined...

BACKGROUND Plaque size is a common feature of viral characterization. Small plaque size is used as a marker of attenuation for live-attenuated vaccine development. OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the naturally occurring plaque size variation reflects virulence of the variants of chikungunya virus (CHIKV). METHODS We selected and purified a variant with small plaque size from the primary is...

Bovine Mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland, usually due to microbial infection, which causes economic loss dairy producer every year. Staphylococcus one most common pathogens responsible for contagious mastitis in bovines. The aim this study was identify coagulase positive Staphylococci isolated from bovine subclinical mastitis. In vitro biofilm forming ability isolates, important ...

The pine wood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus parasitizes millions of trees worldwide each year, causing severe wilt and the death host trees. Glycoside hydrolase 45 genes B. are reported to have been acquired by horizontal gene transfer from fungi responsible for cell wall degradation during infection. Previous studies ignored possibility copy number variations such genes. In this study, w...

UNLABELLED Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains, which cause the majority of uncomplicated urinary tract infections (UTIs), carry a unique assortment of virulence or fitness genes. However, no single defining set of virulence or fitness genes has been found in all strains of UPEC, making the differentiation between UPEC and fecal commensal strains of E. coli difficult without the use o...