Interferon (IFN)-based therapy, the cornerstone for treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, is generally considered to be the single most effective treatment strategy for this infection. Although most adverse effects of IFN therapy respond very well to the cessation of this drug, there are reports of serious irreversible adverse effects. This review article evaluates the adverse effects...

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) strains dually resistant to zidovudine and lamivudine (3TC) may arise during zidovudine-3TC combination therapy. The objective of this cross-sectional study (n = 43 patients) was to test the association between therapy response (clinical and immunologic) to zidovudine-3TC and the level of phenotypic zidovudine resistance and zidovudine resistance-asso...

Targeted therapy using small-molecule inhibitors is a promising new therapy approach against cancer, but drug-resistant mutants present an obstacle to success. Oncolytic virus therapy, where viruses replicate specifically in cancer cells and kill them, is another promising therapy approach against cancer. While encouraging results have been observed in clinical trials, consistent success has no...

Novel coronavirus causes the outbreak of COVID-19. There is still no verified treatment regimen against this novel virus; however, different drugs and compounds have been tested against it. Ample proposals have led to a good understanding of pathogenesis and drug efficacy against the novel virus disease. Excess systemic inflammation, which is described as cytokine storm, in the severe cases of ...

INTRODUCTION Chronic hepatitis is a liver disease in the form of continuous inflammation and necrosis for at least 6 months. There are many causes of chronic hepatitis, including genetic disorders, drugs, toxins, autoimmune, idiopathic; but the most common cause is viral. The virus that causes chronic viral hepatitis is the hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), as well as hepatitis ...

abstract mutations have been described in all of the four open reading frames of the hepatitis b virus (hbv), however, from a clinical perspective the surface escape mutant is the most troublesome. hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) variants may impair diagnosis, or allow the virus to escape vaccine-induced immunity or passive immunoglobulin therapy. hbv mutants with amino acid substitutions, ...

The safety and efficacy of perioperative antiviral therapy for patients with hepatitis B virus related hepatocellular carcinoma and low serum levels of hepatitis B virus DNA are unknown. This retrospective study compared serum levels of hepatitis B virus DNA, liver function, morbidity, and length of hospital stay between patients who underwent hepatic resection alone and patients who received e...