This paper characterized bovine extraocular muscles (EOMs) using creep, which represents long-term stretching induced by a constant force. After preliminary optimization of testing conditions, 20 fresh EOM samples were subjected to four different loading rates of 1.67, 3.33, 8.33, and 16.67%/s, after which creep was observed for 1,500 s. A published quasilinear viscoelastic (QLV) relaxation fun...

In this study, the stress-strain distributions and interface failure in a BGA (Ball Grid Array) package subjected to thermal cycling were investigated using 2D and 3D finite element analyses. The viscous behavior of the adhesive material and thermal mismatch between the dissimilar materials in the package were considered. The potential failure sites in the solider and adhesive joints were analy...

Mechanical properties of cells play a critical role in many essential biological functions including migration, contraction, differentiation and gene expression. Moreover, cells feel and actively respond to adhesive forces and deformations exerted by the adjacent cells and the extracellular matrix. The cell mechanical behavior is increasingly recognized as a key determinant of the normal cell f...

The fundamentals of particle-particle adhesion for ultrafine particles (d < 10 μm) are presented using continuum mechanics approaches. The models for elastic (Hertz, Huber), elastic-adhesive (Derjaguin, Johnson, Maugis, Greenwood), viscoelastic (Yang), plastic-adhesive (Krupp, Molerus, Johnson, Maugis & Pollock) contact displacement response of a single, normal loaded, isotropic, smooth contact...

We present a novel theory of the adhesive contact linear viscoelastic materials against rigid substrates moving at constant velocity. Despite non-conservative behavior system, closure equation problem can be rigorously formulated in form local energy balance. In case adhesiveless contacts, this is equivalent to enforce stationarity total stored into material. However, presence interfacial adhes...

Viscoelasticity of the leading edge, i.e., the lamellipodium, of a cell is the key property for a deeper understanding of the active extension of a cell's leading edge. The fact that the lamellipodium of a cell is very thin (<1000 nm) imparts special challenges for accurate measurements of its viscoelastic behavior. It requires addressing strong substrate effects and comparatively high stresses...

Cell adhesion is regulated by the mechanical characteristics of the cell environment. The influences of different parameters of the adhesive substrates are convoluted in the cell response leading to questions on the underlying mechanisms, like biochemical signaling on the level of adhesion molecules, or viscoelastic properties of substrates and cell. By a time-resolved analysis of traction forc...

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and surface force spectroscopy were applied in live spiders to their joint pad material located distal of the metatarsal lyriform organs, which are highly sensitive vibration sensors. The surface topography of the material is sufficiently smooth to probe the local nanomechanical properties with nanometre elastic deflections. Nanoscale loads were applied in the prox...

Dynamic response of single lap joints, subjected to a harmonic peeling load is studied theoretically and experimentally. In the theoretical part, dynamic response of a single lap joint clamped at one end and subjected to a harmonic peeling load at the other end is investigated. Adherents are modeled as Euler-Bernouli beams joined in the lap area by a viscoelastic adhesive layer. Both axial and ...

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect connecting beam main structure considering viscoelastic property, which affects rate electrical energy harvested from piezoelectric patch connected aluminum beam. In research, connection vibrator considered obtain more accurate results. Viscoelastic material decreases amount stress and strain along as well path due its softness; thus, less pot...