multiple sclerosis (ms) is a chronic inflammatory disease that leads to degeneration of the brain and spinal tissue. imbalances of cd4+ t cells including thelper1 (th1)/thelper2 (th2) and thelper17 (th17)/tregulatory (treg), their secreted cytokines and gene expressions, are important aspects of in immunopathogenesis of ms. vitamin a and its metabolites can regulate the immune system and appear...

background: the goal of the current study was to investigate the association between socioeconomic status (ses) and knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) of iranian households toward use of iron and vitamin a&d; supplements in infants and pregnant women. method: overall, 14,136 iranian households from urban and rural areas of 31 provinces were considered as the study population. a multi-stage ...

OBJECTIVE To estimate the prevalence of vitamin A deficiency and its associated factors in children. METHODS A cross-sectional population-based study, involving 1,211 children of both sexes, aged between six and 59 months old, was carried out in the urban zone of 9 cities in the state of Paraiba, Northeastern Brazil. Vitamin A status was assessed by serum retinol levels (high performance liqu...

We describe the cases of 2 autistic children with ophthalmic and systemic manifestations of vitamin A deficiency due to food faddism. Although vitamin A deficiency is common in the developing world, reports in developed societies are rare. Our patients presented over a 1-year period. The patients were 14 and 13 years old at the time of presentation and were both found to have marked features of...

In children the demand for calcium is particularly great and since their diet may contain considerable amounts of phytate, which is known to impair calcium absorption in adults (McCance & Widdowson, 1942) and in infants (Hoff-Jorgensen, Andersen, Begtrup & Nielsen, 1946), we have investigated the effect of a diet rich in phytate on the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in two children aged 1...

Based on a ten-year literature review, this paper describes important aspects of Vitamin A Deficiency (VAD) among children in Brazil and worldwide. It presents VAD within a clinical and sub-clinical deficiency context, emphasizing this as a public health issue. VAD has been diagnosed in children from several parts of Brazil, especially in the Southeast and Northeast. Worldwide, the highest VAD ...

Retinol has little effect on the activity of protein kinase C. However, air oxidation of retinol produces products which are inhibitory to this enzyme. These results are consistent with a suggestion that the activity of protein kinase C is modulated by the bulk biophysical properties of its environment. The facile susceptibility of retinol to oxidation, as demonstrated by HPLC analysis, explain...

BACKGROUND Conventional mixed models for the analysis of diet diary data have introduced several simplifying assumptions, such as that of a single standard deviation for within-person day-to-day variation which is common to all individuals. OBJECTIVE We developed a model in which the within-person standard deviation was allowed to differ from person to person. DESIGN The model was demonstra...

Eight ground beef patty formulations, based on replacing meat with a natural source rich in provitamin A (i.e.carrot and sweet potato) were prepared. All treatments displayed better moisture retention than the controls and hence yield was improved. L, a, and b Hunter values increased and Instron texture profile analysis indicated lower peak forces, increased springiness, and, in some cases cohe...