We present temperature-dependent measurements of the open-circuit voltage VOC(T) in hydrogenated amorphous silicon nip solar cells prepared at United Solar. At room-temperature and above, VOC measured using near-solar illumination intensity differs by as much as 0.04 V for the as-deposited and light-soaked states; the values of VOC for the two states converge below 250 K. Models for VOC based e...

Metalinguistic intuitions play a very large evidential role in both linguistics and philosophy. Linguists think that these intuitions are products of underlying linguistic competence. I call this view “the voice of competence” (“VoC”). Althoughmany philosophers seem to think that metalinguistic intuitions are a priori many may implicitly hold the more scientifically respectable VoC. According t...

• Components of Photochemical Smog • Why High Levels of Ozone in the Air are Undesirable Antioxidants in the Lungs Ozone as an Oxidizing Agent • Automobile Emissions Increase Ozone Concentrations Incomplete Combustion of Gasoline Produces Volatile Organic Hydrocarbons (VOC) Combustion at High Temperatures Produces NO VOC, NO and Sunlight Result in Ozone Formation • Reducing Nitrogen Oxides and ...

Contribution of carrier recombination from the p/i interface regions and the bulk to the dark current–voltage (JD – V) and short-circuit current–open-circuit voltage (Jsc– Voc) characteristics of hydrogenated amorphous-silicon ~a-Si:H! p–i–n and n–i–p solar cells have been separated, identified, and quantified. Results are presented and discussed here which show that a maximum 1 sun Voc for a g...

1 Aims of the Value of Children Project ................................................................ 44 2 Research Questions of the Present Study ............................................................ 45 3 Method .................................................................................................................... 47 3.1 Participants, design, procedure .....................

This action revises the EPA’s definition of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under the Clean Air Act (CAA). This revision adds trans1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (also known as HFO-1234ze) to the list of compounds excluded from the definition of VOC on the basis that this compound makes a negligible contribution to tropospheric ozone formation. As a result, if you are subject to certain federal r...

The nonlinear features of the relationships between concentrations of aerosol and volatile organic compounds (VOC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in urban environments are revealed directly from data of long-term routine measurements of NOx, VOC, and total suspended particulate matter (PM). The main idea of the method is development of special empirical models based on artificial neural networks. Th...

[1] A series of model results is shown pertaining to ozone, reactive nitrogen (NOy), and peroxides in polluted regions. The results focus on ratios such as O3/NOy and H2O2/HNO3 that have been proposed as indicators for O3-NOx-VOC sensitivity. These ratios are shown to correlate with predicted NOx-VOC sensitivity for a variety of zero-dimensional (0-D) and 3-D models, but the correlation varies ...

This review article introduces the significance of testing of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in clinical samples and summarizes important features of some of the technologies. Compared to other human diseases such as cancer, studies on VOC analysis in cases of infectious diseases are limited. Here, we have described results of studies which have used some of the appropriate technologies to e...

Plants are a major atmospheric source of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These secondary metabolic products protect plants from high-temperature stress, mediate in plant-plant and plant-insect communication, and affect our climate globally. The main challenges in plant foliar VOC research are accurate sampling, the inherent reactivity of some VOC compounds that makes them hard to detect dire...