There is a growing need for the general-purpose description of the basic conceptual entities in the life sciences. Up until now, upper level models have mainly been purpose-driven, such as the GENIA ontology, originally devised as a vocabulary for corpus annotation. As an alternative,we here present BioTop, a description-logic-based top level ontology for molecular biology, which we consider as...

The present study examines the effects of 3 kinds of glosses—first-language (L1) Chinese glosses plus second-language (L2) English example sentences, L1 in-text glosses, and L1 marginal glosses—in comparison with a no-gloss condition in reading an English passage, to explore whether providing glosses can facilitate reading comprehension and vocabulary acquisition. A total of 135 undergraduate b...

This article investigates how the signaling-mode of electronic glosses in online texts (i.e., presented digitally on a computer screen) influences the user's reading process, incidental vocabulary learning, and text comprehension. Indeed, does the fact that hyperlinks with dictionary definitions are visible (i.e., highlighted) or invisible affect the foreign language learner's look-up behaviour...

Introduction As an important foundation to theological education in our colleges and seminaries, the study and teaching of biblical Greek constitutes a challenging task as the student of the Greek New Testament (NT) is required to master a variety of grammatical forms and their functions. One of the more significant grammatical features of Greek that demands the student’s (and teacher’s) attent...

Acquiring vocabulary in L2 is rather a difficult and demanding process and most of the language learners wish to know which vocabulary learning method and/or activity is more beneficial or even the best one; however, the responses to this question vary and there is no clear-cut answer though there are some various suggestions and conclusions drawn from the studies related to vocabulary acquisit...

This article examines the effects of synonymy (i.e., learning words with and without high-frequency synonyms that were known to the learners) on word knowledge in a study of 84 Japanese students learning English. It employed 10 tests measuring 5 aspects of word knowledge (orthography, paradigmatic association, syntagmatic association, meaning and form, and grammatical functions) to assess learn...

Using a think-aloud procedure this study explored why certain vocabulary interventions are more facilitative for word learning than others. Second Language (L2) readers' quality and quantity (Hulstijn, 2001) of word processing strategies were recorded to determine the effect on (a) establishing and (b) strengthening lexical form-meaning connections (FMCs) as well as (c) text comprehension. L2 l...

This paper describes the annotation scheme that has been used for research on mouth actions in the Corpus NGT. An orthographic representation of the visible part of the mouthing is supplemented by the citation form of the word, a categorisation of the type of the mouth action, the number of syllables in the mouth action, (non)alignment of a corresponding sign, and a layer representing some spec...

In recent years there has been a growing interest to incorporate hypertext glosses into L2 reading materials and accordingly, it has provoked researchers to uncover to what extent and under which moderator variables a specific type of gloss yields more effective outcomes than other types of glossing. The present meta-analysis attempts to examine the magnitude of the effect of different gloss ty...

Kanav Kahol, Priyamvada Tripathi, Sethuraman Panchanathan Center for Cognitive Ubiquitous Computing (CUbiC) Arizona State University 699 S Mill Avenue Tempe, Arizona-85281, USA {kanav,pia,panch}@asu.edu Abstract We present a novel technique for motion annotation that adapts to a user’s style and vocabulary of basic movements, herein called gestures. Initial testing suggests that software based ...