The term ‘power quality’ [1-2] refers to the purity of the voltage and current wave-form, and a power quality disturbance is a deviation from the pure sinusoidal form. Harmonics superimposed on the fundamental are one cause of such deviations. Power quality problems [1-2] like voltage harmonics, voltage flickers, voltage sags and voltage swells, current harmonics, current unbalance, reactive cu...

This paper proposes a methodology for an optimal operation of smart distribution network considering the reconfiguration, distributed generation (DG) units allocation and optimally placing shunt capacitors reactive power compensation. In this work, total losses minimization objective is considered. By optimizing objective, it can also results in reduction voltage deviation. The proposed problem...

Typical blocking I–V characteristics are shown and analyzed for PN junctions exhibiting a breakdown region above 1000 V from commercial diodes and power MOSFETs. The leakage reverse current of PN junctions from commercial silicon devices available at this time has a flowing component at the semiconductor–passivant material interface around the junction edge. Part of the plotted experimental cur...

By adopting the technique of pre-regulator, a high PSRR and low temperature coefficient piecewise-linear bandgap reference (BGR) is designed for analog and mixed-signal application in this paper. The piecewise-linear BGR with pre-regulator, which is analyzed and simulated in SMIC 0.18μm CMOS process, has simple circuit architecture. Simulation results show that piecewise-linear BGR with pre-reg...

− In the framework of developing MEMS devices to fabricate AC voltage references for electrical metrology and high precision instrumentation, several first devices have been designed and fabricated using a Silicon On Insulator (SOI) Surface Micromachining process. The measured MEMS AC voltage reference values have been found to be from 5 V to 100 V in a good agreement with the calculated values...

<p>In this work Rain Drop Optimization (RDO) Algorithm is projected to reduce power loss. Proceedings of drop have been imitated model the RDO algorithm. Natural action rain flowing downwardsform peak and it may form small streams during headway from mountain or hill. As by gravitation principle raindrop flow as stream then river mountains hill reach sea global optimum. Proposed evaluated...