The value of the urea clearance test in the estimation of renal function is now well established. It was thought advisable before using it as a routine at this hospital to check the normal response in children with that of the adult and to compare the results of the test with the one previously in use (McLean's urea concentration test). The increase in the minute volume of the urine as a result...

Fast, precise 3-D measurement of discontinuous step-structures fabricated on microelectronic products is essential for quality assurance of semiconductor chips, flat panel displays, and photovoltaic cells. Optical surface profilers of low-coherence interferometry have long been used for the purpose, but the vertical scanning range and speed are limited by the micro-actuators available today. Be...

1. In the case of the staphylococcus and antistaphylococcus phage studied, with the total volume of the mixture being kept constant, there exists a definite quantitative relationship between C(Phage) and the time required to reduce a particular concentration of growing phage-susceptible bacteria to an arbitrary turbidity end-point. 2. This relationship furnishes a basis for the quantitative est...

Despite being a valuable tool for volume measurement and the analysis of complex geometry, the need for an external position sensor is holding up the clinical exploitation of freehand 3-D ultrasound. Some sensorless systems have been developed, using speckle decorrelation for out-of-plane distance estimation, but their accuracy is still not as good as that of sensor-based systems. Here, we exam...

Temperature control and volume measurement are two instrumental factors that, at different stages of the analytical cycle (both in manual and automatic work), have a significant impact on the quality (accuracy and precision) of the analytical result. This paper reports work carried out by two committees which prepared guidelines on the definition and control of these two instrumental factors of...