The economic development as a trigger of mandatory disclosure has no longer provided information needed by stakeholder, especially the primary users including investors and creditors. high demand from stakeholder urges company to reveal their through voluntary disclosure. An inquiry been an interesting discussion extensively studied in Indonesia well rest world. It is obvious because subject so...

In attempting to understand voluntary corporate disclosure, many empirical studies have used leverage as an explanatory variable. One reason for an association between debt and disclosure relates to the agency costs of the shareholder-bondholder conflict. By voluntarily disclosing information, shareholders may be able to reduce this agency cost. We provide an additional reason why debt and disc...

for goal of transparency, listed companies are required to disclose their significant events, quarterly reports and the decisions taken in their general meetings. of course, when the dissemination of information might prejudice a company’s interests, it can withhold the disclosure on condition that it keeps the information confidential. this article, by using american and english experiences, s...

We examine stock price reaction to voluntary disclosure of innovation strategy by high-tech firms and its relation with insider stock transactions before the disclosure. We find that, despite the qualitative and subjective nature of strategy-related disclosure, there is positive stock price reaction to the disclosure. The evidence suggests that investors view the disclosure as credible good new...

INTRODUCTION Publicly reported information on the environmental behavior of firms can increase the efficacy of private markets as a mechanism to control environmental malfeasance through liability for harm, consumer demand response, and shareholder reaction. Within the realm of environmental policy, examples exist of both mandatory information disclosure programs such as the EPA’s Toxics Releas...

Available online 6 November 2012

We investigate the relation between perceived competition and voluntary disclosure in the absence of capital market incentives by examining private UK companies, which have the option to withhold sales and costs of sales information from their publicly-filed accounts. We survey managers about their companies’ competitive environments and we calculate archival measures of industry competition. W...

self-disclosure, as communication of information about one's affects, behaviors, and cognitions, has been emphasized as one of the central issues of the psychotherapeutic process. verbal and nonverbal aspects of disclosure are important factors of psychotherapeutic communication, both for therapist and patient. this paper presents an account of the development and reliability of an observationa...