Policy makers concerned with setting optimal values for carbon instruments to address climate change externalities often employ integrated assessment models (IAMs). In the past, these tools have relied on representative agent assumptions or other restrictive behaviour and welfare aggregations. However, there is an important trend in economics of towards including a greater degree heterogeneity....

Introduction: Orphan and vulnerable children are at high risk for malnutrition due to poor economic status, less medical and social care. Despite the high number of Orphans and Vulnerable Children with potential risk for malnutrition in Ethiopia, there is insufficient evidence that indicates the nutritional status as well as the effect of orphan hood and child vulnerability on nutritional statu...

This study illustrates a methodology to measure empirically household food vulnerability. Food vulnerability is defined in terms of the probability now of being undernourished in the future. The empirical analysis is based on panel data from northern Mali, collected in 1997-98. Our empirical results clearly show that even though the groups of currently undernourished and food vulnerable househo...

BACKGROUND Studies suggest that individuals of low education and/or income, new Canadians (immigrated <10 years ago), and individuals of Aboriginal identity may have fewer food allergies than the general population. However, given the difficulty in recruiting such populations (hereafter referred to as vulnerable populations), by using conventional survey methodologies, the prevalence of food al...

BACKGROUND In Kenya, it is estimated that there are approximately 3.6 million children aged <18 years who have been orphaned or who are vulnerable. We examined the data from the second Kenya AIDS Indicator Survey (KAIS 2012) to determine the number and profile of orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) in Kenya who were aged <18 years. METHODS KAIS 2012 was a nationally representative, populati...

The phenomenon of youth-headed households in the region is a relatively recent development, precipitated by the effects of the AIDS pandemic at the household and community levels, as well as broader shifts in cultural values, family structures, and the global socioeconomic environment (Preble 1990; Hunter 2000). Despite the long history of fostering in sub-Saharan Africa, family and community s...

BACKGROUND User fees were generalized in Burkina Faso in the 1990s. At the time of their implementation, it was envisioned that measures would be instituted to exempt the poor from paying these fees. However, in practice, the identification of indigents is ineffective, and so they do not have access to care. Thus, a community-based process for selecting indigents for user fees exemption was tes...

Background Bangladesh is facing the unavoidable challenge of adaptation to climate change. However, very little is known in relation to climate change and health. This article provides information on potential climate change impact on health, magnitude of climate-sensitive diseases, and baseline scenarios of health systems to climate variability and change. Design A cross-sectional study using ...

Alain de Janvry, Elisabeth Sadoulet, Pantelis Solomon, and Renos Vakis September 2006 Conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs have proved to be effective in inducing chronic poor households to invest in the human capital of their children while helping reduce poverty. They have also protected child human capital from the shocks that affect these households. In this paper, we argue that many no...