BACKGROUND/AIMS Palisaded encapsulated neuroma of the skin (PEN) is an uncommon benign neural tumour that occurs on the head and neck, including the eyelid, but is unfamiliar to many ophthalmic clinicians. For the first time in the ophthalmic literature, the clinical and histopathological features of two patients with PEN of the eyelid are described. METHODS Two cases of PEN were identified i...

Although the physiological characteristics of vulvar skin have been characterized in Caucasians, little is known about the vulvar skin of Asian women. This study assessed the moisture content, transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and pH of vulvar skin of 99 healthy Asian women residing in Bangkok, aged 20-69 years, during their non-menstrual period, including 39 post-menopausal women. Skin pH was a...

BACKGROUND Although postmenopausal vulvar pain is frequently attributed to vaginal atrophy, such symptoms may be due to vulvodynia, a chronic vulvar pain condition. Given the limited research on vulvodynia in postmenopausal women, the objective of this study was to provide preliminary population-based data on the associations of vaginal symptoms, serum hormone levels and hormone use with chroni...

schwannoma is a solitary, slow growing,  benign tumour of the peripheral  nerve sheath, and it is most common locations are the head, neck, the flexor surfaces of the extremities, retroperitoneal and posterior mediastinium. external female genital organs are the least common location site of the schwannoma. only a few cases of vulvar schwannoma have been reported.we report 65 year- old woman pr...

Background Severe vulvar edema is a rare entity occurring with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. This edema can be incapacitating; causing pain and limited patient mobility. With the usual conservative approach, vulvar edema can take several days to resolve. Aim The aim of this case report is to describe the use of local myrrh for the management of severe vulvar edema associated with ovarian...

We report a case of massive vulvar edema in a 20 years old primigravida woman with severe preeclampsia at 32 weeks gestation. Other causes of vulvar edema were excluded. The vulvar edema appeared as the blood pressure increased, and cesarean section was performed for increasing preeclampsia and fetal distress. In the post partum period, the vulvar edema resolved progressively. By the fourteenth...

BACKGROUND Vulvar defects result chiefly from oncologic resection of vulvar tumors. Reconstruction of vulvar defects restores form and function for the purpose of coitus, micturition, and defecation. Many surgical options exist for vulvar reconstruction. The purpose of this article is to present our experience with vulvar reconstruction. METHODS From 2007 to 2013, 43 women presented to us wit...