See page 2131 for definitions of strength-ofrecommendation labels. V aginitis is among the most common conditions for which women seek medical care, with vaginal discharge accounting for approximately 10 million office visits each year.1 Although vaginitis can have a variety of causes (Table 1), it most often is associated with infection or atrophic changes. Common infectious forms of vaginitis...

Candida africana, an emerging yeast pathogen, is closely related to Candida albicans and most commonly involved in vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). However, its prevalence in candidal balanoposthitis is still unclear. In this study, the prevalence of C. africana in both candidal balanoposthitis and VVC in a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Shanghai, China, was analyzed, and the mole...

BACKGROUND Vulvovaginal candidosis is a common infection in young women, and it is associated with high morbidity and high health costs. AIMS Vulvovaginal candidosis caused by Candida glabrata is a therapeutic challenge due to the acquired resistance of many strains of this species to azole antifungals. METHODS We present two cases of vaginal candidosis complicated by fluconazole-resistant ...

33 Key points • Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) covers a disease spectrum, from a single episode to chronic disease with unremitting symptoms. • The concept of chronic VVC was recently described; it is a common cause of chronic nonerosive vulvo vaginitis in women present ing at vulval disease clinics. • Evidence suggests chronic VVC is a hyper sensitivity response to commensal Candida spp. • In ...

vulvovaginal candidiasis (vvc) is a common disease among women worldwide, therefore, accurate and rapid diagnosis of causative agents based on molecular techniques utilizing amplification of target dna is highly recomendad for epidemiological purposes and for effective treatment. the aim of this study was to identify clinically candida species from vvc patients by restriction fragment length po...

conclusions our results showed that c. albicans was the most frequently isolated from both patients with vaginitis and normal individual. in the present study, we could not find any correlation between extracellular activities and sources of isolates (patients and normal flora) and sensitivity or resistance to fluconazole. background extracellular phospholipase, proteinase, and coagulase are ac...

Even though choriocarcinoma commonly present with abnormal uterine bleeding and pelvic mass, various unusual atypical presentations of have been reported which cause diagnostic dilemmas. Here we two such cases choriocarcinoma- one pulmonary embolism another vulvovaginal mass.

Abstract Vulvovaginal lichen planus is a type of chronic inflammatory dermatosis the vulva, usually seen as part widespread planus. The common clinical types vulval include papulosquamous, erosive, and pigmented types. Hypertrophic vulva rare entity. We report case hypertrophic