We measured changes in body temperature in 12 hypothermic (mean aural temperature 34.4 (SD 1.0) degrees C) pigs during general anaesthesia with an open abdominal cavity and the effect of two warming systems: heating of inspired gases to 39 degrees C (intratracheal temperature) and oesophageal warming to 39 degrees C by a water perfused oesophageal heat exchanger. Each animal underwent both trea...

Subtropical marine stratus clouds regulate coastal and global climate, but future trends in these clouds are uncertain. In coastal Southern California (CSCA), interannual variations in summer stratus cloud occurrence are spatially coherent across 24 airfields and dictated by positive relationships with stability above the marine boundary layer (MBL) and MBL height. Trends, however, have been sp...

Soil respiration is recognized to be influenced by temperature, moisture, and ecosystem production. However, little is known about how plant community structure regulates responses of soil respiration to climate change. Here, we used a 13-year field warming experiment to explore the mechanisms underlying plant community regulation on feedbacks of soil respiration to climate change in a tallgras...

Emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) have been earlier shown to be highly temperature sensitive in subarctic ecosystems. As these ecosystems experience rapidly advancing pronounced climate warming, we aimed to investigate how warming affects the BVOC emissions in the long term (up to 13 treatment years). We also aimed to assess whether the increased litterfall resulting from...

The open pulled straw has been used effectively to vitrify preimplantation embryos because of geometricfeatures that allow rapid rates of temperature exchange. One possible inexpensive alternative to the openpulled straw are commercially-available microcapillary pipette tips commonly used for electrophoresis. Themain purpose of this study was to compare the survival rates of in vitro produced b...

A mathematical model is presented to understand heat transfer processes during the cooling and re-warming of patients during cardiac surgery. Our compartmental model is able to account for many of the qualitative features observed in the cooling of various regions of the body including the central core containing the majority of organs, the rectal region containing the intestines and the outer ...

BACKGROUND Prevention and treatment of hypothermia by active warming in prehospital trauma care is recommended but scientific evidence of its effectiveness in a clinical setting is scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of additional active warming during road or air ambulance transportation of trauma patients. METHODS Patients were assigned to either passive warming w...

Organic nitrogen (N) uptake by plants has been recognized as a significant component of terrestrial N cycle. Several studies indicated that plants have the ability to switch their preference between inorganic and organic forms of N in diverse environments; however, research on plant community response in organic nitrogen uptake to warming and grazing is scarce. Here, we demonstrated that organi...