The modern industrial cycle is mainly based on non-renewable mineral resources extracted from the Earth’s crust. After being processed and transformed into commodities, the products of mining become manufactured products which go through the economic system and are then discarded in the form of gaseous, liquid or solid waste. Eventually, the mass of the output in the form of waste must balance ...

This report discusses various types of environmental waste products, current status of waste destruction, and the application of plasma technology for waste treatment. Plasma processes are divided into three types: open bath systems, shaft furnaces, and gas-cracking systems. These three types of plasma systems have the capability of treating a large number of different types of wastes and reduc...

he 1980s brought changing trends into the waste market with increased reclamation, T recycling and waste minimization efforts. Adapting proven tcchnologies has aided in moving these three forms of waste managcment forward. A t EncycleITexas, Inc. (ETI), the fundamental objcctive of recycling is to convert hazardous waste into products. Founded in 1988, ET1 recycles metalbearing waste streams to...

Background There has been an alarming increase in the dumping of Hong Kong’s municipal solid waste (MSW), predominantly food waste, in landfill (9,547 tonnes of MSW per day in 2013) [1]. One way of promoting an environmentally friendly method of minimising food waste is to turn the waste into energy by producing biodiesel from waste cooking oils. Biodiesel is a biodegradable fuel that can be ma...

Backyard poultry ownership provides a great opportunity for improved self-reliance and small-scale agricultural sustainability through home egg and meat production. One issue with backyard poultry ownership is managing the waste products of your birds, particularly the manure and bedding mixture (termed “litter”) that builds up in the coop. If not managed properly, this waste material can creat...

rapid urbanization and industrialization, population growth and economic growth in developing countries make management of municipal solid waste more complex comparing with developed countries. furthermore, the conventional municipal solid waste management approach often is reductionists, not tailored to handle complexity. therefore, the need to a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary approach r...

The large amount of waste produced by the food industries causes serious environmental problems and also results in economic losses if not utilized effectively. Different research reports have revealed that food industry by-products can be good sources of potentially valuable bioactive compounds. As such, the mango juice industry uses only the edible portions of the mangoes, and a considerable ...

The total production of plastics is currently more than 230 million tonnes/year, which will increase to 400 million tonnes in 2020, based on a very conservative growth rate of about 5% per year [1, 2]. The increasing consumption of polymer products, in various fields, generates a large quantity of waste materials, which equates to more than 12% of the urban solid waste stream [3]. Therefore, th...

This paper presents a tool for the analysis of conversion of organic waste into energy. The tool is a program that uses waste characterization parameters and mass flow rates at each stage of the waste treatment process to predict the given products. The specific waste treatment process analysed in this paper is anaerobic digestion. The different waste treatment stages of the anaerobic digestion...