Wastewater has emerged as an alternative source of water. Since the agricultural sector remains the largest water user world-wide, it is the main potential user of treated wastewater. However, while there are trade-offs in using wastewater, it may be the only option in water-scarce regions. South Africa has included water reuse as a policy option; hence the aim of this study is to understand fa...

Treatment of wastewater to a level suitable for reuse does not require the use of completely mechanical system. Proper treatment can be achieved using existing technologies related to natural wastewater treatment systems when appropriate design functions of several systems are integrated together. Integrating the functions of an anaerobic pond into a facultative pond to form an integrated facul...

Urbanization is known to spur land modification in the form of conversion of common land to human settlements. This factor, combined with climate variability, can alter the duration, frequency and intensity of storm drain overflows in urban areas and lead to public health risks. In peri-urban regions where these risks are especially high it has been argued that, when domestic wastewater is mana...

With the current focus on water reuse projects and the role they play in the water cycle, the search for cost competitive advanced wastewater treatment technologies has never before been so important. Australia in particular has a need to develop new strategies for water management and will continue to move towards water reuse where such projects are shown to be financially viable. This paper d...

More than 80% of ammonia (NH₃) in the steel manufacturing process wastewater is contributed from the coking wastewater, which is usually treated by biological processes. However, the NH₃ in the coking wastewater is typically too high for biological treatment due to its inhibitory concentration. Therefore, a two-stage process including a hollow fiber membrane contactor (HFMC) and a modified memb...

High water consumption and water scarcity make industrial wastewater reuse necessary, especially in those industries characterized by polluted effluents such as welding electrode manufacturing industries. The present paper investigates the coupling of coagulation-flocculation with nanofiltration (NF) to recycle water and reuse it in the process. First, the effect of different concentrations of ...

As a country on the whole, Canada enjoys abundant freshwater resources, yet there remain regions with severe discrepancies between supply and demand. One solution to insufficient water supplies that has been gaining in popularity in other areas of the world is that of water reuse. Reuse or recycling of treated wastewater reduces effluent discharges into receiving waters and offers a reliable al...

Now a days we see that large amount of water has been wasted either in sewage or soil. it suffers from shortage supply for irrigation uses. On the other hand, production system Rajasthan region is characterized by many agricultural food industries, activity which produces amounts wastewater.

Though the need for appropriate wastewater management technologies is undoubtedly a realized issue, so far there has been very little action taken towards wastewater treatment in Nepal. The centralized approaches of wastewater management have been unsuccessful as the existing traditional lagoons or activated sludge type wastewater treatment plants are not functioning or partially operating at f...