A procedure for estimating fuel burned based on actual flight track data, and drag and fuel-flow models is described. The procedure consists of estimating aircraft and wind states, lift, drag and thrust. Fuel-flow for jet aircraft is determined in terms of thrust, true airspeed and altitude as prescribed by the Base of Aircraft Data fuel-flow model. This paper provides a theoretical foundation ...

Power production of four hydraulically connected microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was compared with the reactors operated using individual electrical circuits (individual), and when four anodes were wired together and connected to four cathodes all wired together (combined), in fed-batch or continuous flow conditions. Power production under these different conditions could not be made based on a sin...

Phenol is one of the most common water pollutants found in industrial effluents. The phenol removal potential of a chemically modified macrofungus Trametes sp., was investigated in a batch system. The effects of particle size, pH, temperature, contact time and biosorbent dosage have been investigated. The optimum conditions for phenol removal were found to be particle size: 150-300 μm, pH: 6.0 ...

BACKGROUND There has been a great deal of interest in fuel productions from lignocellulosic biomass to minimize the conflict between food and fuel use. The bioconversion of xylose, which is the second most abundant sugar present after glucose in lignocellulosic biomass, is important for the development of cost effective bioprocesses to fuels. Rhodococcus opacus PD630, an oleaginous bacterium, a...

Article history: Received 10 September 2008 Received in revised form 13 November 2008 Accepted 15 November 2008 The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of management, environmental and temporal factors of farms and batches on mortality and feed consumed per market hog. Information of management, environmental and temporal factors from 158 all-in all-out finishing batches completed i...

The integration of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) in a microfluidic geometry can significantly enhance the power density of these cells, which would have more active bacteria per unit volume. Moreover, microfluidic MFCs can be operated in a continuous mode as opposed to the traditional batch-fed mode. Here we investigate the effect of fluid flow on the performance of microfluidic MFCs. The growth ...

Could propane from Alaska’s North Slope reduce energy costs for electric utilities and residential space heating, water heating, and cooking demands? We explored the hypothesis that propane is a viable alternative for fourteen selected communities along the Yukon and Kuskokwim Rivers, coastal Alaska, and Fairbanks. Our analysis forecasts propane and fuel prices at the wholesale and retail level...

ABSTRACT-In conventional agriculture, a large amount of energy is consumed in fuel consumption and depreciation of farm tractors and any other farm equipment mostly in tillage and planting operations. The main purpose of this research was to evaluate a till-planting unit equipped with three jointers. This unit was expected to act as conventional furrow openers such as shovel openers tilling the...