This paper describes the development and application of a simulation tool to assess impact water-efficient appliances greywater recycling strategies on domestic water consumption wastewater generation profiles. Two time-series datasets in UK households – each consisting more than 20,000 observations were used deduce use appliance usage patterns as function per for water-use household characteri...

In a previous study (Saito et al. submitted for publication 2002), we showed that PFOS contamination in surface waters has occurred all over Japan: concentrations were found to be in the range of 0.2-157 ng/L with a geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) of 2.37 (4.13) (n=126), These levels were much lower than those found in the Tennessee River (Hansen et al 2002). However, we found tha...

The role of water pricing for managing water resources is widely recognized in many areas of the world because of the increasing scarcity of water resources, a high competition between water uses and environmental degradation. Based on the analysis of cost of water, this paper explores which types of cost should be reflected in the water pricing enhancing the sustainability of water resources. ...

the optimal cropping pattern for sistan water resources management was determined through a goal programming technique within the gams programming environment. results showed that the optimum cultivation area and net profit of the agricultural sector in the sistan region could increase up to 18.1 and 39.8%, respectively, compared to the current status. an increase in the farm irrigation efficie...

As part of the evaluation of a water supply, sanitation and hygiene education project in rural Bangladesh, the consumption of water from the improved supplies was estimated from an observational study. Women volunteers observed and recorded all water collection activities of each group of households using a handpump over a 2-day period. Data from questionnaire surveys on household characteristi...

We assessed current water consumption during liquid fuel production, evaluating major steps of fuel lifecycle for five fuel pathways: bioethanol from corn, bioethanol from cellulosic feedstocks, gasoline from U.S. conventional crude obtained from onshore wells, gasoline from Saudi Arabian crude, and gasoline from Canadian oil sands. Our analysis revealed that the amount of irrigation water used...

This paper presents a residential water demand forecasting model using a back propagation neural network (BPNN) in the context of residential buildings in Korea. The water demand of a building demonstrates a highly complex and non-linear phenomenon reflecting such features as geographic and climatic and special types of buildings. We describe the impact of several potential determinant factors ...

Packaged water consumption has grown rapidly in urban areas of many low-income and middle-income countries, but particularly in Ghana. However, the sources of water used by this growing packaged water industry and the implications for water resource management and transport-related environmental impacts have not been described. This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of regulated pa...