Background: In radiotherapy, low-energy photon beams are better adapted to the treated volume, and the use of high-energy beams can reduce hot spots in the radiation therapy. Therefore, mixing low and high energies with different ratios can control the rate of hotspots, as well as the dose distribution of the target volume.Material and Methods: The percentage depth doses (PDDs) were calculated ...

This study evaluated whether weights for spectral-shape discrimination depend on overall stimulus level and signal strength (the degree of spectral-shape change between two stimuli). Five listeners discriminated between standard stimuli that were the sum of six equal-amplitude tones and signal stimuli created by decreasing the amplitudes of three low-frequency components and increasing the ampl...

This paper examines the validity of a model that is embedded in a computer-based decision support system to assess the welfare status of pregnant sows in housing and management systems. The so-called SOWEL (SOw WELfare) model was constructed using a formalized procedure to identify and weight welfare-relevant attributes of housing systems in relation to the animal's needs, and evidenced by scie...

Partial Transmit Sequences (PTS) seems to be attractive for Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, since it obtains better PAPR property by modifying OFDM signals without distortion. Meanwhile it also shows the potential to be utilized in STBC MIMO-OFDM system. The PTS method can reduce the PAPR by controlling the multiplied wei...

The process of smart gird operation and management produces big volume of isomeric and polymorphic data, known as power big data. Since the data has a property of panoramic, the combination of data visualization and 3D scene is an efficient solution to comprehensible analysis and demonstration, while the highly detailed 3D models challenge rendering performance and the speed of human-machine co...

It has long been recognized that the degree of biological impact on an organism resulting from a given absorbed dose of ionising radiation can vary depending upon the type of radiation involved. This difference has been experimentally quantified and reported as the “relative biological effectiveness” (RBE) of specific radiation types. RBE values have been measured for a variety of end points in...

Stemming is one of the most important factors that affect the performance of information retrieval systems. This article investigates how to improve the performance of an Arabic Information Retrieval System (Arabic-IRS) by imposing the retrieval method over individual words of a query depending on the importance of the WORD, the STEM, or the ROOT of the query terms in the database. This method,...