common carp ( cyprinus carpio ) population has been declined in the caspian sea in the recent years, mainly due to human manipulation. this valuable species needs to be protected in the caspian sea. considering the commercial value of common carp, its rehabilitation program has been established. in the present study, 8 microsatellite loci were used to assess genetic variation and population str...

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It is well established that test statistics and P-values derived from discrete data, such as genetic markers, are also discrete. In most genetic applications, the null distribution for a discrete test statistic is approximated with a continuous distribution, but this approximation may not be reasonable. In some cases using the continuous approximation for the expected null distribution may caus...

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) is the state of the genotypic frequency of two alleles of one autosomal gene locus after one discrete generation of random mating in an indefinitely large population: if the alleles are A and a with frequencies p and q(=1-p), then the equilibrium gene frequencies are simply p and q and the equilibrium genotypic frequencies for AA, Aa and aa are p2, 2pq and q2. I...

Allelic dropout is a commonly observed source of missing data in microsatellite genotypes, in which one or both allelic copies at a locus fail to be amplified by the polymerase chain reaction. Especially for samples with poor DNA quality, this problem causes a downward bias in estimates of observed heterozygosity and an upward bias in estimates of inbreeding, owing to mistaken classifications o...

background: the osteopontin (opn) is a highly phosphorylated glycoprotein in numbers of bovine tissues and milk. opn has been reported to be associated with milk production in cattle.objective: the genotype and allelic frequencies for opn and its association with milk production will be evaluated in iranian holstein bulls.  materials and methods: bulls dna (100) was isolated. oligo was used for...

Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic disorder with recurrent relapse and functional impairment. It results from a poorly understood geneenvironment interaction. The Taq1A polymorphism (located in the gene cluster NTAD) is a likely candidate for schizophrenia. Its rs1800497 polymorphism was shown to be associated with DRD2 gene expression. Therefore the present work aims to investigate a possible...

This study presents the first examination of the genetic structure of Daphnia longispina complex populations in Eastern China. Only one species, D. galeata, was present across the eight investigated lakes; as identified by taxon assignment using allelic variation at 15 microsatellite loci. Three genetically differentiated D. galeata subgroups emerged independent of the type of statistical analy...

The genetic variability of 182 unrelated mongrel dogs living in various areas of Japan (from Hokkaido to Okinawa) was studied by collecting their blood. Ten microsatellite loci were chosen from different autosomal chromosomes. After combining a few rare adjoining alleles to allelic classes, it was confirmed that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was attained in each locus. The polymorphic informat...

Genetic polymorphism G6721T (rs.7003908) in gene encoding DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PKcs, encoded by the XRCC7 gene) has been defined. In order to get more insight into the genetic structure of Iranian population the present study was carried out on Iranian Persian population living in Shiraz (Fars province, southwest Iran). The total study subjects consisted of 935 (195 males, 740 fema...