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Quebec has a distinctive character among the Canadian provinces not only because of its majority French-speaking population, its culture, its social democratic values, and its institutions, but also because of the flamboyant style of its public policies and legislation. The article by Bernier in the last issue of the Journal stresses this distinctive character as applied to public health and he...

Climate science initially aspired to improve understanding of what the future would bring, and thereby produce appropriate public policies and effective international climate agreements. If that hope is dashed, as now seems probable, effective policies for adapting to climate change become critical. Climate science assumes new responsibilities by helping to foster more appropriate adaptation me...

The European Union is at a critical juncture in its history, not only in relation to the proposed constitution and planned enlargement, but also with respect to engagement with health and social issues. This publication provides an overview of health policy development within the European Union and the implications for Finnish health policies. Health is currently on the agenda in several sphere...

Although there is a long-established tradition of concern for the welfare of animals, it was not until the mid 1800's that governments sought to enact legislation to protect animals from cruelty. In the 1950's, questions concerning animal welfare re-emerged and in the ensuing years have been an on-going focus of government activities. These developments occurred against a backdrop of significan...

There is now a large and complex literature on optimal income taxation, within the context of second-best welfare economics. This paper considers the potential role of this analysis in the practical design of direct tax and transfer structures. It is stressed that few results are robust, even in simple models, in view of the important role played by alternative social welfare functions, the nat...

The article analyzes the Brazilian welfare model according to elements central to the emergence and to the development of social protection systems. It is intended to discuss to what extent the absence or incompleteness of those elements weaken the model built in the 1988 Constitution. The general precepts of social protection are initially presented to characterize and discuss those issues as ...