in previous editorials[1,2] we explained about available fields of inter-disciplinary researches (idrs) in iran,[2] professional, organizational, cultural obstacles, and required polices for development of idrs in iran.[1] in this editorial, i want to discuss about one of the idr fields in iran that seems to have more available conditions for marketing comparing to other interdisciplinary areas.

Background Allergens from wheat (Triticum aestivum) can cause three distinct IgE-mediated allergies: respiratory allergy by inhalation of wheat flour, wheat pollen allergy and wheat food allergy. Wheat and wheat products are a main component in human diet, but currently avoidance is the only therapy for wheat food allergic patients. Diagnosis based on wheat flour extracts does not discriminate ...

To study the effects of wheat-maize intercropping on the population dynamics of wheat aphids and their natural enemies, wheat-maize intercropping patterns were divided into four levels: 8:2, 6:2, and 4:2 intercropping, and monoculture wheat. The results showed that as the wheat coverage rate decreased, the quantities of immigrating winged aphids and their natural enemies significantly differed;...

BACKGROUND Wheat is believed to be an uncommon cause of food allergy in adults; the number of studies that address IgE mediated wheat allergy in adults is all too few. OBJECTIVE Determine how many subjects with a history of wheat allergy have real allergy by double-blind, placebo-controlled food challenge; identify the symptoms manifested during the challenge; determine the lowest provocation...

BACKGROUND Bioethanol can be produced from sugar-rich, starch-rich (first generation; 1G) or lignocellulosic (second generation; 2G) raw materials. Integration of 2G ethanol with 1G could facilitate the introduction of the 2G technology. The capital cost per ton of fuel produced would be diminished and better utilization of the biomass can be achieved. It would, furthermore, decrease the energy...

T MotherLand Air case and game provide students with a first-hand experience in revenue management. The game is conducted in the classroom, and students, who have the opportunity to prepare in advance, work in teams. During the exercise, students make and revise pricing and protection-level decisions over a six-month, predeparture time horizon for two simulated flights. The case provides an int...

This paper considers replacement polices for an extended cumulative damage model with minimal maintenance at each shock and minimal repair at failure: A system is replaced at time T or at shock number N , and undergoes maintenance or repair between replacements. The expected cost rate is obtained and each optimal T ∗ and N∗ to minimize the cost rate is discussed. It is shown that this model wou...

Vaccination has an important role in the prevention of ND even though an ideal vaccination program can not be easily given as it would depend on level of challenge in the field, disease control polices in the country, type of birds (broilers or layers), vaccine strain, size of the flock, past performance of vaccination programs etc. However, the vaccination in the hatcheries has been used throu...