In this paper, an Ultrasonic testing method for inservice wheel by use of phased array technology is introduced. To meet the ultrasonic test criterion of inservice CRH wheel, groups of phased array probes and conventional probes are combined used. By study echo wave in wheel rim and wheel disk form different probes, defect analyzing methods in wheel rim and wheel disk are studied. Tests on CRH ...

In this paper, an in-wheel vibration absorber for In-wheel-motor electric vehicle (IWM EV) is designed, and a comprehensive control strategy of in-wheel absorber and vehicle suspension is proposed to improve vehicle ride comfort. The proposed in-wheel vibration absorber, designed for suppressing the motor vibration, is composed of a spring and a controllable damper. The values of in-wheel sprin...

Stereological methods for serial sections traditionally assume that the sections are exactly equally spaced. In reality, the spacing and thickness of sections can be quite irregular. This may affect the validity and accuracy of stereological techniques, especially the Cavalieri estimator of volume. We present a new formula for the accuracy of the Cavalieri estimator that includes the effect of ...

The relationship between species richness and the occupation of niche space can provide insight into the processes that shape patterns of biodiversity. For example, if species interactions constrained coexistence, one might expect tendencies toward even spacing within niche space and positive relationships between diversity and total niche volume. I use morphological diversity of passerine bird...

Spatial order is the organizing principle of the visual areas in the brain. But to what extent does this spatial mapping help us see where things are? Observers trained to perfectly recall the spatial order of seven items presented simultaneously for 5 s were asked to report their order when flashed for only 150 ms. We found that the capacity for perceiving the order of these brief stimuli was ...

We measured the supernumerary spacing parameter of the first- and second-order rainbows of two glass rods, each having an approximately elliptical cross section, as a function of the rod's rotation angle. We attribute large fluctuations in the supernumerary spacing parameter to small local inhomogeneities in the rod's refractive index. The low-pass filtered first-order rainbow experimental data...

In this paper, a new cascaded wheel-slip control strategy based on wheel slip and wheel acceleration measurements is presented. This new algorithm is able to stabilize globally and asymptotically the wheel slip around any prescribed setpoint, both in the stable and unstable regions of the tyre.

Rodents anticipate rewarding stimuli such as daily meals, mates, and stimulant drugs. When a single meal is provided daily at a fixed time of day, an increase in activity, known as food anticipatory activity (FAA), occurs several hours before feeding time. The factors affecting the expression of FAA have not been well-studied. Understanding these factors may provide clues to the undiscovered an...

A power assist wheel chair robot by which a patient can climb over steps/curbs without any helper's assistance is proposed. A patient can maintain inverse pendulum control of the wheel chair after raising its front wheels. Next, a patient can move to the step maintaining the inverse pendulum control, and can climb over the step being assisted by DC motor force. A light weight wheel chair system...