A model of irrigation agriculture is applied to southern Mesopotamian for the areas around Nippur and Uruk. Field systems around late third millennium BC (Ur III period) cities are modeled in order to understand the effects of salinization and what strategies might limit progressive salinization that hinders agricultural yields. Scholars have long suspected that progressive salinization may con...

the genus allactaga is a group of rodents with five morphospecies distributed in the iranian plateau. in order to conduct a taxonomic revision at the species level, 27 individuals were collected in the iranian plateau from localities typical of each species. phylogenetic relationships within species were analyzed using cytochrome oxidase subunit i and morphometric data. maximum parsimony, maxim...

[1] The Arabia-Eurasia collision deforms an area of 3,000,000 km of continental crust, making it one of the largest regions of convergent deformation on Earth. There are now estimates for the active slip rates, total convergence and timing of collision-related deformation of regions from western Turkey to eastern Iran. This paper shows that extrapolating the present day slip rates of many activ...

The response of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) circulation and precipitation to Middle East dust aerosols on sub-seasonal timescales is studied using observations and the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with online chemistry (WRF-Chem). Satellite data show that the ISM rainfall in coastal southwest India, central and northern India, and Pakistan is closely associated with the Mi...

The aim of this paper is to provide an overview the geopolitical status Upper Tigris area in antiquity, with a special focus on period between ca. 401 BCE and 6th century CE. Despite popular impression that had distinctly Armenian character, closer look at its history shows it was rather territory many local entities neighboring countries periodically fought possess. This strategically signific...

The Asian summer monsoon affects more than sixty percent of the world's population; understanding its controlling factors is becoming increasingly important due to the expanding human influence on the environment and climate and the need to adapt to global climate change. Various mechanisms have been suggested; however, an overarching paradigm delineating the dominant factors for its generation...

Those who observe the Mesopotamian civilization will find that this has several components, foremost of which stands diversity in many its fields, whether on architectural, artistic or written level, as well richness and abundance entirety data, perhaps a extended roots since man inhabited north Mesopotamia until The Islamic ages are worthy to stand at top hierarchical hierarchy rest other civi...

The number of studies on extremophilic organisms has grown exponentially in the last few years. These exotic organisms (extremoplilees) are adapted to living at 100 c. In volcanic springs, at low temperatures in the cold polar seas, at high pressure in the deep sea, at very low and high ph values (ph 0-1 or ph 10-11) or at hight salt concentration (35%). Recent developments clearly show that ce...