A&G • February 2013 • Vol. 54 1.25 The continuous flow of matter that escapes out of the solar gravitational well is known as the solar wind. As the material flows out of the Sun, it is accelerated to between 400 and 800 km s. Through this continuous flow of material, the Sun loses more than one million tonnes every second. But this is just a tiny fraction, corresponding to 2 × 10 of a solar ma...

A&G • February 2013 • Vol. 54 1.25 The continuous flow of matter that escapes out of the solar gravitational well is known as the solar wind. As the material flows out of the Sun, it is accelerated to between 400 and 800 km s. Through this continuous flow of material, the Sun loses more than one million tonnes every second. But this is just a tiny fraction, corresponding to 2 × 10 of a solar ma...

A&G • February 2013 • Vol. 54 1.25 The continuous flow of matter that escapes out of the solar gravitational well is known as the solar wind. As the material flows out of the Sun, it is accelerated to between 400 and 800 km s. Through this continuous flow of material, the Sun loses more than one million tonnes every second. But this is just a tiny fraction, corresponding to 2 × 10 of a solar ma...

By introducing a hitherto ignored Li producing process, due to accelerated He reactions with He, we show that accelerated particle interactions in solar flares produce much more Li than Li. By normalizing our calculations to gamma-ray data we demonstrate that the Li produced in solar flares, combined with photospheric Li, can account for the recently determined solar wind lithium isotopic ratio...

[1] Variations in the speed and elemental and ionic charge composition of the solar wind are reported throughout the solar cycle, as observed by the SWICS instrument on Ulysses. The apparent bimodal nature of the solar wind during the solar minimum does not persist throughout the solar cycle. Rather, with increasing solar activity, a continuum of solar wind speeds and charge states is observed....

This paper reports stochastic properties of renewable wind and solar energy resources by studying their conditional probability distribution functions (cpdf) in different time lags. The empirical results are obtained for data of global horizontal irradiance measured by a single sensor and the power output of a single wind turbine, as well as for an averaged solar sensor field and an aggregated ...

The most fundamental problem in solar system research is still unsolved: how can the Sun with a surface temperature of only 5800 K heat up its atmosphere to more than a million K? In fact, the solar atmosphere is so hot that not even the Sun’s enormous gravity can contain it. Part of it is continuously evaporating into interplanetary space: the SOLAR WIND. As a highly ionized magnetized plasma ...

One of the most dynamical interplanetary phenomena of solar terrestrial physics is definitely the passage of solar wind streams near the Earth environment. In this work, we have identified the two types of high-speed solar wind streams using the spacecraft data during high amplitude days. The behaviour of high-speed solar wind streams during high amplitude anisotropic wave trains is investigate...

[1] We use the complete set of Ulysses solar wind data to conduct a comprehensive determination of the oxygen flux in relation to the proton flux in the solar wind during a wide range of solar activity levels. The data cover the heliosphere between 1.3 and 5.4 AU and, due to the unique orbit of Ulysses, all of the heliographic latitudes within ±80°. We find log‐normal distributions for O and H ...